Are Your Shoes Too Small? Here Are the Warning Signs

Written by Dominic Hough on June 7, 2019

Last updated September 20, 2024

Medically reviewed by Dominic Hough, D. Ch.

Your shoes take you on a journey each day. And our feet need those shoes to help them with that journey. Obvious right? Not really: Many of us choose shoes that are too small, and unfortunately bear the consequences. And remember, “footwear” doesn’t necessarily mean what you wear for every day. They can be slippers, gym shoes and gardening shoes. All of these can be too small and cause foot pain – and you may not even realize it!

Just because you can put a shoe on doesn’t mean it’s “good fit”. A shoe can still be a “bad fit” or too small even if you are able to get your foot into it. And “too small” is not only about the length of the shoe. It could mean that the toe box is too close to the tips of your toes, the sides are squeezing the side of your feet, the heel notch is digging into your skin, or the top is pressing into the bridge of the foot.

Our feet also slowly change as we grow older. Sometimes arthritis starts, some people may get bunions, others get swelling, and our arches can flatten. So that same size shoe – the one you have worn for ever – now starts to fit a bit too snugly. In addition, over time shoes will wear down, seams start to appear and that same shoe just doesn’t fit like it used to.

Two feet with bunions protruding from each side of the foot next to big toe and white background

So how exactly can you tell if your shoes are too small? Here are the warning signs to keep an eye out for:

Here are the most common warning signs that your shoes could be too small

Blisters

An all too common but a painful issue. Unless they are caused by a sunburn, an infection or an allergy, foot blisters are caused by friction from the shoe material repeatedly rubbing against your skin. If your skin is damp it makes it much worse. If you’ve noticed the fluid-filled pockets appearing on your feet, your shoes are probably too small. They may also not be the appropriate type of shoe for the work you are doing.

Bruised Toenails

Toenail bruises come from impact. It can be direct one-off impact or tiny micro impacts over time. The impact could be from stubbing your toe on a step. Or it could be from knocking your toenails on the edge of the toe box over and over (this is why runners often have bruised toenails). Since the big toe is usually the longest toe (unless you have a Morton’s toe), your big toenail can get traumatized from repeated knocking if our shoes are too short. And if your shoes are too narrow, both the big toenail and little toenail can become traumatized due the shoe squeezing on it from the sides. Toenail bruises from impact are also very common if you have clawed toes (which can occur if you’ve been wearing shoes that are too short consistently throughout your life). Over time repetitive trauma can also cause toenails to thicken.

The blood trapped under the nail makes the toenail change colour. The nail goes from red to brown to purple and then black. It will stay that colour until it grows out after 6 to 9 months. If a toenail is traumatized too much and too often, it may fall off. Another one will grow but it will take months to do go. Also if the matrix from where the nail grows is damaged due to that repetitive trauma, the nail can grow back thickened.

Hot Foot

You may recognize a sensation commonly called hot foot, where your feet are incredibly hot after going for a walk or finishing a workout. Friction from too-tight shoes will make your feet swell and feel like they’re burning. Sometimes it is also due to poor materials of the shoe, or not using the right shoe for the right activity.

Calluses

A foot callus is a rough and dry patch of skin on the sole. It occurs when the area is dealing with too much friction or pressure. The skin protects itself by forming a callus over the higher pressure areas. As time goes on, the pressure continues to build, the callus thickens, which creates more pressure, causes more thickening, and the cycle continues. One common cause of calluses is footwear that is too small, which causes friction against the skin.

Because the callus is there for a reason (pressure and friction), it is a good idea to first see a Chiropodist to find out the cause. They can also professionally treat your calluses. You should also go straight to a chiropodist if you have any conditions that reduce your immunity, healing or circulation (like Diabetes), or if you have difficulty bending and reaching your feet. As for over-the-counter solutions, emollients and moisturizers help with dryness, preventing cracks, improving the skin’s elasticity and resilience to friction. A foot file can also help remove the dead skin buildup. However, they won’t eliminate the underlying friction that’s causing the callus in the first place (i.e.: ill-fitting footwear).

Corns

Corns are similar to calluses and are another common warning sign that your shoes could be too small. The main difference is that corns tend to be smaller and circular – from a 3D perspective, they’re shaped almost like upside down pyramids). The “peak” of the pyramid sticks into your foot, and the base is what you see. Like calluses, they’re caused by friction between your shoes and your foot, which can happen if your shoes are too small. Corns can be painful to the touch. They typically occur on the non-load bearing parts of the foot, whereas calluses form on the load bearing parts of the foot.

Here are some of the common places corns can form:

In between your toes (caused by narrow footwear)
On top of your toes (caused by footwear not being deep enough)
Tips of toes corns (due to clawing of toes, which can occur after years of wearing shoes that are too short)

If you have a corn, it’s a good idea to book an appointment with the experts at Feet First clinic to undergo a safe and effective corn removal procedure. We can then figure out what is causing the corns in the first place. Some treatments can even prevent the corns from coming back.

Shoes too small? How do we fix it?

Here are our top 10 tips to avoid small shoes:

Your shoes should fit when you first get them. You shouldn’t have to “work them in”. Getting blisters is not part of the breaking-in process.
“Breaking-in” can only be done for leather dress shoes, which can be stretched to prevent any aches and pains. It was never meant for running shoes, sneakers or sandals.
Length-wise, shoes should have approximately a finger’s width of room at the front of the longest toe. If you have less, you may need to go up half a size in length. Remember our feet are not the same size; one is always bigger than the other. So get the size that fits the longer foot.
Width is an often forgotten feature, and one of the reasons why we get bunions and corns in between the toes corns. If you feel like your foot is getting squeezed on the sides, look for a wide width option. And if the shoe isn’t available in wide width, look for a different shoe all together. Don’t go up in length to compensate for a narrow shoe – you’ll just end up with a long narrow shoe.
Depth is another a forgotten feature. This is especially important if you have any clawing or corns on top of your toes.
If your shoes don’t fit properly, you shouldn’t wear them
Put on your shoes properly when trying them on, otherwise you won’t be able to tell if they fit. First, knock your heel back so that the heel is in the counter and the foot is in the proper position. Then, lace up the shoe to secure your foot into that position. Then walk around to see how it feels.
On that note, always stand up and walk around when trying on shoes. Our feet splay when we stand, so a shoe that may feel good when we’re sitting may be too small when we’re standing.
Don’t be fooled by numbers. Your foot size isn’t the same as your shoe size. Like clothing, every brand of footwear fits differently. So if you’re a certain size in one brand, you may not be that size in another. Which leads to our final tip:
Try on shoes before buying them. The only way to make sure your shoes aren’t too small is to test them out properly before you purchase them.

Kids shoes?

Check out our video on how to assess if you are buying the right shoe for your kids:

In conclusion, if your shoe doesn’t fit properly in the store, it won’t fit when you get home. Don’t bear through discomfort in hopes that your footwear will eventually mold to your feet. Getting the right size and fit should be your number one priority.

Everything You Need for Healthy Feet - All Under One Roof

At Feet First Clinic, we’re always excited to welcome new clients! We’re Toronto’s one-stop-shop for all your foot-related needs. For 15 years, our staff and licensed chiropodists have been helping people with their feet. From foot care to foot pain to foot products – we do it all! Give us a call to ask our friendly staff any questions you may have! Our Toronto foot specialists are ready to help!

Call us at 416-769-3338 or Book Your Assessment Today!

About Author: Dominic Hough

Dominic Hough is a Chiropodist working at a Family Health Team in Petrolia. Collaborating with a wide variety of health professionals, Dominic keeps prevention care at the forefront of his practice. Dominic is also a content creator for http://www.Jasonera.com that helps small to large businesses optimise their sales funnels to sell more digital products online.

Learn more about Dominic Hough

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October 28, 2024

5 Ways Cold and Wet Weather Impacts Your Feet

Taking care of your feet during winter might require a little extra effort, but it’s essential for preventing discomfort and long-term issues. The cold weather can impact your feet in its own unique ways, just like hot weather can. Whether you’re dealing with dry, cracked skin or trying to avoid slippery conditions, being mindful of your foot health will keep you a step ahead of the cold. 5 Ways Cold and Wet Weather Can Impact Your Feet Dry, cracked skin Skin conditions Reduced circulation Stiffness and joint pain Winter-related foot conditions 1. Dry, Cracked Skin https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1-Sf43woLLE One of the first things you may notice during the winter is dry, cracked skin on your feet, especially your heels. The chilly air and low humidity can quickly sap the moisture from your skin, leaving your feet feeling rough and sore. Heating indoors doesn’t help either, as it dries out the air, exacerbating the issue. This is where cold weather foot care enters the picture! Since cracked skin can cause pain and even bleed, it becomes essential to protect your feet. This dryness isn’t just unsightly—if the cracks open up, it creates an easy pathway for infections. This can lead to debilitating pain and bleeding that makes walking difficult. Regular moisturizing with a medical-grade foot cream is a straightforward way to combat dry feet and cracked heels. Look for products that contains a high urea concentration, which will help your skin replenish and retain lost moisture. It's important to use a foot cream instead of a regular moisturizer for your feet because the skin on your feet is thicker than the skin elsewhere on our body. Therefore, a regular body or facial moisturizer won't cut it - especially during the dry, colder months. While you're at it, take your hydration to the next level by always remembering to drink your eight glasses of water per day. This advice still holds up today! 2. Reduced Circulation Cold weather can mess with your blood flow, which can pose a problematic obstacle for foot health. When temperatures drop, blood vessels constrict to preserve heat, meaning less blood flows to your extremities. This is called vasoconstriction. As a result, your feet may feel cold, numb, or even tingly. Poor circulation can also lead to prolonged healing times for cuts or blisters. This is concerning for diabetes patients with neuropathy who are already struggling with wound healing issues. That's why cold weather diabetic foot care should always include steps to monitor and improve blood flow— including daily foot inspections and easy foot exercises. Wearing thermal socks and ensuring your feet are properly insulated can help combat the impact of reduced circulation. Just make sure your thermal socks fit comfortably with your fall and winter footwear: if your shoes or boots are too tight, it will reduce circulation and make your feet more susceptible to cold-weather complications (more on that below). If you experience slippery conditions during winter, circulation issues can also increase your risk of falling or slipping. When your feet are numb, it’s harder to get a good sense of balance, so be cautious and wear shoes with good grip for FALL prevention. Moving around can also help keep your blood flowing. So, if you’re out and about, take small breaks to wiggle your toes and stretch to maintain circulation. There are even targeted foot exercises you can try to help trigger healthy blood flow. In fact, you should do these more often in the winter than the summer. 3. Skin Conditions https://www.youtube.com/shorts/xZ4RQwPmCzg It might seem strange to consider blisters a winter problem, but they can definitely crop up due to cold weather foot care challenges. Wearing heavy boots and thick socks can cause friction, leading to blisters on your heels or toes. This is why it’s extremely important for boots to fit snugly, but not be too tight. So if the socks you like to wear in the winter are causing your boots to constrict your feet, they don’t fit! And if your feet are already dry, cracked, or dealing with reduced circulation, they’re even more susceptible to developing painful blisters. Combat this by ensuring your boots and sock combo always fit perfectly together, and opt for moisture wicking socks to go the extra mile. Another common winter foot problem is athlete's foot. Though often associated with the hot summer months and public swimming pools, athlete's foot is no stranger to winter either. Athlete's foot thrives in wet, damp areas, so instead of crowded public summer pools, fungal infections change their habitat to the wet-from-the-snow environment inside your boots. And keep in mind, you can get athlete’s foot simply by coming into contact with someone who already has it. When you’re tackling wet feet, whether it’s from snow or rain, you need to dry them thoroughly before putting on warm socks. Athlete’s foot loves moist environments, so making sure your feet are dry is key. If you start to notice itchy or peeling skin between your toes, it’s a sign that athlete's foot might be setting in. Treat it promptly with your Toronto chiropodist, who can provide the right antifungal products. Make sure you also keep your feet clean and dry and avoid sharing shoes and socks to protect your feet from a future infection. 4. Stiffness and Joint Pain https://www.youtube.com/shorts/n46k32OZgco Cold weather tightens your muscles, which in turn can lead to stiff joints. This discomfort can be particularly noticeable if you already have arthritis or any other joint-related issues. Without the right cold weather foot care, your feet can end up feeling stiff, which can affect your overall mobility. To help counteract this, regular stretching and low-impact exercises, such as foot rotations, can keep your joints limber. This season also requires some extra attention to footwear. Choose shoes with ample support to keep your feet cushioned against the impact of walking on hard, cold surfaces. Slippery conditions can further aggravate joint pain because your body works overtime to stay balanced, putting extra pressure on your feet. Adding orthotics or insoles that provide added arch support can also reduce some of this strain and make your steps feel more cushioned and less jarring. 5. Winter Related Foot Conditions Winter brings its own set of unique foot problems, including chilblains, frostbite, and Raynaud’s disease, all of which can make cold weather foot care a bit trickier. Chilblains occur when your feet are exposed to cold, damp environments, causing painful, itchy red patches. This is particularly common in teenagers, or people who quickly reheat their feet after being in the cold, so it’s best to warm up slowly. Frostbite is another concern in extreme cold, as it can severely damage your skin and tissues. Frostbite can occur more quickly than you might expect, especially if you don't protect your feet from the weather. Signs of frostbite include numbness, skin discolouration, and a hard, waxy texture. If you think you may be experiencing frostbite, it’s essential to seek medical help immediately. To prevent frostbite, be sure to layer up and wear weatherproof boots that keep your feet dry and warm. Lastly, Raynaud’s disease can be exacerbated by cold weather. People with Raynaud’s experience an exaggerated response to cold, which restricts blood flow to the toes, leading to reduced circulation and making your feet even more vulnerable. Keeping your feet constantly warm and avoiding sudden temperature changes can help manage Raynaud’s symptoms, but if you experience persistent pain or numbness, you should consult a healthcare provider.

October 10, 2024

Common Fall Foot Problems and How to Prevent Them

Toronto's summer is behind us and the warm days of sandals won’t return until next year. But fall brings its own charm and many folks are excited for a new chapter. At the same time, you may also be looking to prevent foot issues this fall in as many ways as possible, and luckily, you’ve come to the right place! For top tips on blisters and dry skin prevention, as well as how you can fight some other common fall foot problems, keep reading today’s article! Cracked Heels As summer’s humid air is replaced with dryness, the skin on your feet may dehydrate and over time, cracked heels can form. One of the best fall foot care tips to prevent this is regular moisturizing. Use a nutrient-dense product like Gehwol’s Lipidro Cream, available at Toronto’s Feet First Clinic. It helps lock in moisture and prevent further damage. Containing high-quality ingredients like avocado oil and urea, this cream helps your skin absorb water into its layers and supplies dry skin with the lipids it needs. Properties like allantoin can also soothe irritation sometimes associated with cracked heels. Fungal Infections You may have heard how fungal infections like athlete’s foot are easy to contract during the summertime. Public pools, shared locker rooms and showers, and other communal spaces are all summer hot spots where this foot fungus can breed. But did you know that foot fungi is still a threat in the fall? It can thrive when people wear closed shoes for longer periods, trapping moisture and warmth. To prevent this, keep feet clean and dry, wear breathable socks, and choose shoes that allow proper ventilation. Shoes should also be waterproof to prevent extra water getting into your shoe’s environment. To find the right pair for fall, visit your local Toronto foot clinic for a shoe fitting. While you’re at it, learn all about the best foot hygiene here! Musculoskeletal Foot Conditions Musculoskeletal foot conditions can flare up as the fall chill starts to bite, making each step feel a little extra uncomfortable. Cold temperatures cause the tissues in your joints to contract, putting pressure on nerve endings and leading to more foot pain and aggravated osteoarthritis. The cold can also worsen foot conditions like plantar fasciitis and other sources of arch and heel pain. Get ahead of this issue by wearing boots with solid insulation that traps warmth. Also, keep your feet extra cozy with warm socks — a Toronto chiropodist may even suggest a pair of compression stockings (like Sigvaris' Thermoregulating Wool or Merino Wool compression stockings). Blisters Autumn foot health often involves managing painful blisters. As new footwear makes its debut, a tight squeeze can slowly wreak havoc and cause discomfort. To keep your feet happy and blisters at bay, make sure your shoes fit securely and snugly (but not tight!) to prevent excessive friction rubbing against your skin. Wear your boots with other products like moisture control socks, foot powders, blister bandages and insoles to prevent this frustrating issue.

October 3, 2024

The Importance of Proper Footwear for Kids in Fall: What Parents Need to Know

Are you wondering how much you need to invest in your kids’ foot health this fall? Not sure what all the fuss is about over getting the best fall shoes for children? While it may seem like your child’s summer shoes can last a little while longer, it’s important to take their foot health needs seriously and make sure they're set up for the fall. We’ve crafted this parent's guide to kids’ shoes in the fall to help you out! Keep reading to learn the main reasons why proper footwear for kids is essential during this beloved season. 3 Reasons Why Fall Shoes For Children Are A Must They support back-to-school activities They protect feet from the elements They provide support for growing feet Support Back-to-School Activities Remember the excitement of getting a new pair of athletic shoes every year before that first day of school? Well, there’s a reason your parents did that for you! Many kids up their activity game during back-to-school season. The excitement of reuniting with friends, outdoor recess time, extracurriculars and gym class are all contributing factors to this healthy boost in physical activity. Thus, comfortable athletic shoes for children land inside the fall shoes realm. The best shoes for kids should: encourage proper gait patterns. Feature cushioning for shock absorption, which reduces stress on growing bones and joints during activities like running and jumping. Additionally, supportive footwear can prevent common foot problems such as blisters, calluses, and ankle injuries, the latter of which is a common injury for kids. It's important to ensure shoes have a snug (but not tight!) and secure fit, breathable materials, and a durable outsole for safe performance and comfort. If your child's shoes put pressure on the side of their feet, opt for wide-width shoes. https://youtube.com/shorts/l4PocLoFmSI?si=Mfu8cizx0Av5u3og Protect Feet From The Elements Shoes are always designed with seasonality in mind, and just like you need new fall boots, so do your kids. One of the reasons is the slowly declining temperatures and damp, cold conditions. While September and early October are often pleasant weather-wise in Toronto, November can bring sudden frigid air and freezing rain. Wearing the wrong shoes in this weather may cause foot problems like chilblains, or small, itchy swellings caused by poor circulation in response to the cold. Studies show it often targets teenagers. Additionally, shoes designed with weatherproof materials and proper ventilation help ward off blisters, bacteria and fungi. Lastly, fall shoes for children correlate with FALL prevention. Colder weather + rain = slippery sidewalks and even black ice formation. For these, your kids need boots with a solid grip. Provide Support For Growing Feet Did you know that children’s bone, muscle and joint growth continues until they reach their early twenties? Child foot development is both fascinating AND fast paced, so you need to keep on top of your child’s needs and assess how much their feet have grown or changed shape when the fall season rolls around. Properly fitted shoes with arch support and cushioning are crucial during growth phases to ensure healthy foot alignment and prevent long-term issues. Likewise, teaching good footwear habits during the foot development phase sets your child up for success! Wearing ill-fitting shoes now can lead to problems in their adult years, and may even cause deformities like bunions and hammertoes decades down the road. Here are our top 3 tips to make sure your child's shoes fit properly: When putting shoes on, get your kid to kick their heel back before lacing or strapping up the shoe. This puts their foot is in the proper position, with the heel in the heel cup and the arch lined up with the arch support. Then use the laces or straps to secure the foot into that position. This will ensure your kid's foot doesn't slide forward when they walk, and also allows you to properly gauge their toe room. If your kid's shoe isn't put on properly, you won't be able to determine whether it fits. Leave about 1 cm of toe room at the end of the shoe. While it's good to leave growing room, it's important not to leave too much room. Otherwise, the shoe will slip and slide around your child's foot and not be secure. And a shoe that's not secure won't provide good support. If you see a gap at the back of the shoe or the shoe moves as your child walks, go down half a size, or make sure the shoe is put on properly (see above). Use the laces to adjust the width and fit. If your child feels pressure on the sides, try loosening the laces. Don't pull the laces too tight. Instead, gently adjust them to the width of your child's feet. If the shoe still feels tight and there's enough room at the end of the shoe, look for a wide width shoe. Don't size up if there already is enough room at the end; you'll just end up with a long narrow shoe. https://youtube.com/shorts/oxAg3zgX1vA?si=KiA5eysEnkt_CzCJ

September 5, 2024

How to Treat and Prevent Athlete’s Foot: Tips from Chiropodists

Athlete's foot is a fungus that infects the skin on your feet. Many people get it, and it can cause a lot of problems. Your feet may itch, turn red, and peel when you have it. This fungus grows best in places that are warm and damp. The good news is that you can treat and stop athlete's foot if you know what to do. Here are some tips from chiropodists (foot specialists) to help you keep your feet healthy and free from fungus. Treatment strategies See a Chiropodist Because of all the moisture buildup on our feet, fungal infections can grow out of control very quickly; they're stubborn and persistent, and once the infection gets under the toenail, it becomes very difficult to treat. In addition, over-the-counter anti-fungal medications are not very effective unless the infection is in the very early stages. That's why it's important to see a chiropodist as soon as you notice any symptoms. A chiropodist will debride and clean up any fungal growth on the skin and prescribe a topical anti-fungal medication to help nip the athlete's foot in the bud before it spreads to the toenails. Oral anti-fungal medications, while effective, are often not recommended due to their side effects. Often, topical prescription anti-fungal medication and persistence are the best way to go. Maintain a rigid hygiene routine Your feet and body will thank you if you keep the infected area clean and dry. Wash your feet daily with soap and water and dry them well between your toes. Fungus grows best in damp places, so ensure your feet are dry before putting on socks and shoes. If you're particularly prone to sweaty feet, you can also try an anti-bacterial foot deodorant like Gehwol's Foot Deodorant spray. This can help prevent Athlete's foot, and even treat it in its very early stages. Avoid scratching Scratching the infected spot can cause other bacterial infections. To soothe the itch, try using antifungal creams or powders. If the infection gets worse or spreads, talk to a doctor. Change socks regularly Choose cotton or merino wool socks that let your feet breathe and wick away sweat. Wear fresh socks every day and change them after physical activity or when they get wet. This helps reduce moisture build-up, which can worsen the fungal infection. Prevention Tips Avoid walking barefoot in public Athlete's foot, along with other fungal infections, are contagious and spread when skin comes into contact with an infected surface. Therefore, always make sure you are wearing some kind of protective footwear in public spaces - like flip flops or slippers - in locker rooms, communal showers, pool decks and gymnasiums. Stick to a foot care routine Clean your feet and dry them well between your toes. Also make sure you cut and clean your toenails often, as fungi can hide under the toenails. Just make sure you don't cut them too short, or you can get an ingrown toenail. Put on the right shoes Pick shoes that let air flow through them. Avoid (if possible) wearing the same shoes all day, every day, and ensure they're dry before putting them on. Use flip-flops or water-safe sandals in public spots like pools or gym showers to avoid touching infected surfaces. Clean Your Shoes Fungal spores can hang around in shoes, which will feed the infection. To combat this, spray your shoes and socks with antifungal and antibacterial products, such as hypochlorous acid, zinc oxide or zinc incoleate, and dry them out before you put them on again. You can use Gehwol Foot & Shoe Deodorant Spray in your shoes, or dust Gehwol Foot Powder into your socks. These products contain zinc oxide and zinc ricinoleate, respectively, which are great for maintaining a healthy environment in your shoes. You can find these products at our Toronto foot clinic. Keep personal items to yourself Don't let others use your towels, socks, or shoes, and vice versa. Fungal infections are contagious and spread through touching or sharing personal items with people who have a fungal infection.

August 26, 2024

Children’s Foot Development: Developmental Milestones and Concerns

As children’s foot development takes its first steps, it’s common to encounter a few bumps along the way. From in-toeing to Sever’s disease, these growing pains are part of the journey as little ones explore the world with developing feet. The vast majority of foot issues to do with children grow out as the child ages. Some conditions are due to genetic conditions, posture, and a familial history. A Chiropodist/ Podiatrist will assess the child's feet and take a medical history. it is especially important if you find the foot issue is affecting your child's walking: Do they stumble Can it be painful Can the issue change with running or walking? Is walking or running a chore or struggle? Let’s take a look at what foot conditions might correspond with your child’s age. Ages 1-3: In-Toeing and Toe-Walking Troublesome toes occurring during the “terrible twos” can be concerning. But these quirky walking patterns are totally normal developmental milestones for children's foot development. No cause for alarm or invasive treatment! In-toeing, also known as pigeon-toeing, is when a child's feet turn inward instead of pointing straight ahead while walking. Toe walking is when a child walks on the balls of their feet with their heels off the ground. Both are very common and usually the child with grow out of both. Tip toe walking is also reduced with encouragement of placing the heel to the ground. Child toys like walking saucers influence a child tip toeing and can even encourage it. There is no true consensus on treatment especially for in-toeing. The child usually outgrows it. Orthotics might be helpful as well as bracing or casts. But it depends upon severity. Surgery is usually offered to older children. Up to Ages 3-4: Flat Feet Children around this age will have pen planus, also known as fallen arches or flat feet. This is when the entire sole of their foot contacts the ground while standing and walking. Traditional children's foot development is at play here, as arches in children's feet develop around age 6 and this is called congenital flatfeet. Acquired flatfeet is based upon activity levels, joint ligaments, footwear and living area and can be seen in adolescence. In most cases the child will grow out of it. For ages 3-4, unless a familial history, pain/ hindering everyday activity, no treatment is generally needed for flat feet before this point. If your child’s flat feet persist as they age, in which case you may want to consider custom orthotics, stability shoes and other treatments for flat feet. 5+ Years Old: Blisters As kids get older, gain a sense of independence and participate in more physical extracurricular activities and outdoor play, they may start to develop skin conditions on their feet. Enter: blisters. These are a pretty common condition that’s usually harmless, but can painful and bothersome for kids when they walk. Blisters form as a result of excessive friction between shoes and the foot’s skin. Read here to learn the best ways of preventing foot problems like blisters and how to choose the right shoes for children! Puberty and Growth Spurts: Sever’s Disease Did you know that the concept "growing pains" in children is not what most people think it is? While kids may experience pain as they grow, the pain itself is not caused by growing. But what can cause pain for kids going through puberty is something called Sever’s Disease, which is like a kid’s-only version of injuries like plantar fasciitis, Achille’s tendonitis and heel spurs. Sever's disease kicks in when a growing heel gets overworked, causing inflammation. It leads to sharp heel pain, especially when kids are on the move, like during sports and playtime! Kids between 9 and 14 are the most vulnerable. Solid foot care for kids can help offset Sever’s disease: Try the RICE method: rest, wrapped ice, compression and elevation. You should also buy your child supportive footwear to ease the strain on the heel. Gel heel cups are very helpful Gentle calf muscle stretches help with the Achilles complex Avoiding high-impact activities can also help speed up recovery. Kids Shoe Tips With the large selection of shoes available it can be difficult to find the best shoes for kids. What do you look for? Here are some kids shoe tips: https://youtube.com/shorts/oxAg3zgX1vA?si=0bkBzFqrl5z50h9J

August 22, 2024

5 Common Foot Problems and How to Prevent Them

When it comes to foot problem prevention, being proactive is key to maintaining healthy feet and avoiding a future of discomfort. Understanding common foot issues and taking steps to prevent them can help reduce the risk of complications down the road. In this article, we’ll explore five of the most common foot conditions and provide essential foot care tips to help you keep your feet in top shape. Plantar Fasciitis One in ten people will experience plantar fasciitis in their lifetime, making it one of the most common foot issues. Plantar fasciitis at the start, can cause minor discomfort in the arch of the foot or even in the heel. It usually starts when you just get out of bed. It calms down through the day and then the soreness starts at the end of the day. That discomfort, if not properly treated and investigated, can increase and then start to cause stronger and sharper pain. Sometimes this pain can last through the day to a point where you might find it difficult to walk. The main cause is inflammation- constant pulling and tugging on the thick, inelastic fascia itself (midfoot pain). Or, where it inserts from (the heel pain). Pressure can be from the arch pressing down on the fascia: It can also be a tight muscle, like the calf muscle pulling up behind the heel and forcing the fascia to pull away from the heel It can also be a combination of a tight muscle and pulling of the fascia. In rare occasions plantar fasciitis is caused by a nerve entrapment. Prevention Preventing plantar fasciitis is mainly down to figuring out what was the cause in the first place. It might be a biomechanical issue with the feet. It could be due to the shoes that you might be wearing- at home, at work or just around town. In some cases it is due to a muscle imbalance. So figuring out the cause is the first step in treating and then preventing further plantar fascia pain in the future. One of the cornerstone treatments in preventing plantar fasciitis involves prioritizing arch support! It is a good idea to wear supportive shoes with good arch support and shock absorption, especially if you spend long periods standing or walking. Custom or over-the-counter orthotic inserts can also provide extra arch support and cushioning to distribute pressure more evenly across your feet. If you have a muscle imbalance then regular, targeted stretching of your calves and feet is also a healthy foot practice that can prevent foot ailments like plantar fasciitis. Stretching the calves is especially helpful as it reduces strain on the plantar fascia. Check out the best exercises for plantar fasciitis. You can do your exercise routine before bed and when you wake up to prevent this painful condition from affecting your mornings. Some patients have found rolling a tennis ball/ golf ball under their foot can be helpful to break up the inflammation to the area. Or rolling a wrapped frozen water bottle (no longer than 4 mins, then remove, wait to warm then walk) reduces inflammation build up Athlete’s Foot Athlete's foot can affect up to 15% of the global population! It's a fungal infection that usually occurs on the skin between the toes. However it can also start and spread to the arches and then to the boarder of the foot. It can be itchy, red scaly looking and sometimes crack. Inbetween the toes the skin can look more damp than normal. Prevention Athletes foot is prevented if you reduce the causes. It enjoys dark, moist environments with an ample food supply. So your feet can be a perfect place for this to thrive. It can be contagious but also you can be more prone to catching it. So, -if your feet are kept in a constant moist environment. - you go to public pools and walk around barefooted. - if you put your socks on right after having a bath or shower... All these issues increase the risk of catching Athletes foot and allowing it to spread. Prevention is linked to good foot hygiene. Therefore, make sure you wear slippers or flip-flops in public areas such as locker rooms or pools, and avoid walking barefoot in these places. You should also make sure your feet stay clean and dry, as fungus thrives in moist environments. Opt for moisture-wicking socks, foot deodorants and breathable shoes. And never put on your shoes while your feet are damp! If you are daily in the same shoes then try to use 2 pairs of shoes. Use one one day and one pair another day to allow the shoes to dry out. Change the insoles regularly. Morton’s Neuroma Some experts believe that one in three people will experience a Morton’s neuroma at some point. It is characterized by a thickening of the tissue around the nerves inbetween the balls of toes (typically between the 3rd and 4th balls of the toes), and causes pain and discomfort in the ball of your foot. You can get neuromas in other parts of the foot, but between the 3rd and 4th ball of the toes is called a Mortons neuroma Prevention Prevention is the best treatment for a Mortons Neuroma. Preventing the rubbing and thickening of the nerves is a priority. Unfortunately as the nerve thickens there is a chance that it will not go back to normal. Preventing a neuroma is simply by wearing wider footwear in the toebox. You can tell if it is your shoes just by removing the shoes and your soreness should subside. Remember that work shoes, normal outdoor shoes and even slippers can all have an affect on compressing the toes together. Having a heeled shoe puts more pressure upon the balls of your foot- so reducing arch height is also helpful (and if you must wear high heels, make sure they're the healthy kind!). Custom orthotics can provide a way to splay the balls of the foot so even if the neuroma has thickened, it can reduce the pressure the balls of the foot are placing upon the nerves. Ingrown Toenails Our toenails can be a bit troublesome sometimes —they crack, curl, get too thick, and sometimes even surprise us with strange colours! But one of the most common toenail conditions is ingrown toenails. Two out of every ten people visiting a healthcare provider for a foot issue end up complaining about this painful nuisance. Ingrown toenails can occur when a spike of nail is pressing into the skin. It can also happen if you have pincer like nails (involuted) and those nails press into the skin. If you have wider nails, the skin on the side of your toe can be more prone to go into the nail. If the toes are kept in a damp environment then the skin and nails will be soft and more easily press into one another Prevention Prevention comes with finding the cause and preferable no home treatment (in many cases it can make it worse). Apart from scratching your socks, placing a "V" into the nail doesn't do anything. Poor nail care is usually the main culprit especially cutting down the sides of the nail. It is better to allow the nail to grow past the skin line and then cut to the contour of the nail. Cutting straight across can leave angles and cutting down the sides can leave spikes of nail. If your nails are curled around or thickened then professional footcare can help thin down the nail and offer treatments for the curved nail. Reducing dampness can reduce ingrown toenails. Wider footwear (and non tight socks) can reduce the risk of compressing the skin into the nail. In some cases it can be hard to cut your nails effectively, if this is the case then having a medical pedicure from a professional is usually a good preventative option. Calluses Almost everyone will get at least a small foot callus in their lifetime and is a common foot issue. They are thickened areas of skin that develop due to repeated friction or pressure. Initially they can be pain free but as time continues then the callus can build up and adds pressure that that area. This adds more callus and now a cycle starts. Eventually too much pressure and the skin starts to break down and dry blood can appear within the skin. Prevention Callus is best treated by prevention- finding out why the hard skin is there in the first place. So a footcare professional will look at your feet and assess where the hard skin is and then find the cause- where is that pressure coming from. They will then reduce down the hard skin, to break that pressure cycle, then offer advice on how to prevent the hard skin coming back- or reducing its build up. In many cases this is due to poor fitting footwear or a mechanical issue with the foot. Preventing callus build up can be done once a week with a plastic footfile when the foot is dry. Pumice stones are used when the foot is wet. But it is usually a good idea to check the cause by a footcare professional as sometimes too much file or pumice use can make the area sore, affect the good skin surrounding the callus or even make the area worse as you might go too deep. Dry skin is prevented where you moisturize your feet regularly (but not inbetween your toes). It will also help the callus not crack but it won't prevent the callus build up- as that is caused through pressure.

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