Are Your Shoes Too Small? Here Are the Warning Signs

Written by Dominic Hough on June 7, 2019

Last updated September 20, 2024

Medically reviewed by Dominic Hough, D. Ch.

Your shoes take you on a journey each day. And our feet need those shoes to help them with that journey. Obvious right? Not really: Many of us choose shoes that are too small, and unfortunately bear the consequences. And remember, “footwear” doesn’t necessarily mean what you wear for every day. They can be slippers, gym shoes and gardening shoes. All of these can be too small and cause foot pain – and you may not even realize it!

Just because you can put a shoe on doesn’t mean it’s “good fit”. A shoe can still be a “bad fit” or too small even if you are able to get your foot into it. And “too small” is not only about the length of the shoe. It could mean that the toe box is too close to the tips of your toes, the sides are squeezing the side of your feet, the heel notch is digging into your skin, or the top is pressing into the bridge of the foot.

Our feet also slowly change as we grow older. Sometimes arthritis starts, some people may get bunions, others get swelling, and our arches can flatten. So that same size shoe – the one you have worn for ever – now starts to fit a bit too snugly. In addition, over time shoes will wear down, seams start to appear and that same shoe just doesn’t fit like it used to.

Two feet with bunions protruding from each side of the foot next to big toe and white background

So how exactly can you tell if your shoes are too small? Here are the warning signs to keep an eye out for:

Here are the most common warning signs that your shoes could be too small

Blisters

An all too common but a painful issue. Unless they are caused by a sunburn, an infection or an allergy, foot blisters are caused by friction from the shoe material repeatedly rubbing against your skin. If your skin is damp it makes it much worse. If you’ve noticed the fluid-filled pockets appearing on your feet, your shoes are probably too small. They may also not be the appropriate type of shoe for the work you are doing.

Bruised Toenails

Toenail bruises come from impact. It can be direct one-off impact or tiny micro impacts over time. The impact could be from stubbing your toe on a step. Or it could be from knocking your toenails on the edge of the toe box over and over (this is why runners often have bruised toenails). Since the big toe is usually the longest toe (unless you have a Morton’s toe), your big toenail can get traumatized from repeated knocking if our shoes are too short. And if your shoes are too narrow, both the big toenail and little toenail can become traumatized due the shoe squeezing on it from the sides. Toenail bruises from impact are also very common if you have clawed toes (which can occur if you’ve been wearing shoes that are too short consistently throughout your life). Over time repetitive trauma can also cause toenails to thicken.

The blood trapped under the nail makes the toenail change colour. The nail goes from red to brown to purple and then black. It will stay that colour until it grows out after 6 to 9 months. If a toenail is traumatized too much and too often, it may fall off. Another one will grow but it will take months to do go. Also if the matrix from where the nail grows is damaged due to that repetitive trauma, the nail can grow back thickened.

Hot Foot

You may recognize a sensation commonly called hot foot, where your feet are incredibly hot after going for a walk or finishing a workout. Friction from too-tight shoes will make your feet swell and feel like they’re burning. Sometimes it is also due to poor materials of the shoe, or not using the right shoe for the right activity.

Calluses

A foot callus is a rough and dry patch of skin on the sole. It occurs when the area is dealing with too much friction or pressure. The skin protects itself by forming a callus over the higher pressure areas. As time goes on, the pressure continues to build, the callus thickens, which creates more pressure, causes more thickening, and the cycle continues. One common cause of calluses is footwear that is too small, which causes friction against the skin.

Because the callus is there for a reason (pressure and friction), it is a good idea to first see a Chiropodist to find out the cause. They can also professionally treat your calluses. You should also go straight to a chiropodist if you have any conditions that reduce your immunity, healing or circulation (like Diabetes), or if you have difficulty bending and reaching your feet. As for over-the-counter solutions, emollients and moisturizers help with dryness, preventing cracks, improving the skin’s elasticity and resilience to friction. A foot file can also help remove the dead skin buildup. However, they won’t eliminate the underlying friction that’s causing the callus in the first place (i.e.: ill-fitting footwear).

Corns

Corns are similar to calluses and are another common warning sign that your shoes could be too small. The main difference is that corns tend to be smaller and circular – from a 3D perspective, they’re shaped almost like upside down pyramids). The “peak” of the pyramid sticks into your foot, and the base is what you see. Like calluses, they’re caused by friction between your shoes and your foot, which can happen if your shoes are too small. Corns can be painful to the touch. They typically occur on the non-load bearing parts of the foot, whereas calluses form on the load bearing parts of the foot.

Here are some of the common places corns can form:

In between your toes (caused by narrow footwear)
On top of your toes (caused by footwear not being deep enough)
Tips of toes corns (due to clawing of toes, which can occur after years of wearing shoes that are too short)

If you have a corn, it’s a good idea to book an appointment with the experts at Feet First clinic to undergo a safe and effective corn removal procedure. We can then figure out what is causing the corns in the first place. Some treatments can even prevent the corns from coming back.

Shoes too small? How do we fix it?

Here are our top 10 tips to avoid small shoes:

Your shoes should fit when you first get them. You shouldn’t have to “work them in”. Getting blisters is not part of the breaking-in process.
“Breaking-in” can only be done for leather dress shoes, which can be stretched to prevent any aches and pains. It was never meant for running shoes, sneakers or sandals.
Length-wise, shoes should have approximately a finger’s width of room at the front of the longest toe. If you have less, you may need to go up half a size in length. Remember our feet are not the same size; one is always bigger than the other. So get the size that fits the longer foot.
Width is an often forgotten feature, and one of the reasons why we get bunions and corns in between the toes corns. If you feel like your foot is getting squeezed on the sides, look for a wide width option. And if the shoe isn’t available in wide width, look for a different shoe all together. Don’t go up in length to compensate for a narrow shoe – you’ll just end up with a long narrow shoe.
Depth is another a forgotten feature. This is especially important if you have any clawing or corns on top of your toes.
If your shoes don’t fit properly, you shouldn’t wear them
Put on your shoes properly when trying them on, otherwise you won’t be able to tell if they fit. First, knock your heel back so that the heel is in the counter and the foot is in the proper position. Then, lace up the shoe to secure your foot into that position. Then walk around to see how it feels.
On that note, always stand up and walk around when trying on shoes. Our feet splay when we stand, so a shoe that may feel good when we’re sitting may be too small when we’re standing.
Don’t be fooled by numbers. Your foot size isn’t the same as your shoe size. Like clothing, every brand of footwear fits differently. So if you’re a certain size in one brand, you may not be that size in another. Which leads to our final tip:
Try on shoes before buying them. The only way to make sure your shoes aren’t too small is to test them out properly before you purchase them.

Kids shoes?

Check out our video on how to assess if you are buying the right shoe for your kids:

In conclusion, if your shoe doesn’t fit properly in the store, it won’t fit when you get home. Don’t bear through discomfort in hopes that your footwear will eventually mold to your feet. Getting the right size and fit should be your number one priority.

Everything You Need for Healthy Feet - All Under One Roof

At Feet First Clinic, we’re always excited to welcome new clients! We’re Toronto’s one-stop-shop for all your foot-related needs. For 15 years, our staff and licensed chiropodists have been helping people with their feet. From foot care to foot pain to foot products – we do it all! Give us a call to ask our friendly staff any questions you may have! Our Toronto foot specialists are ready to help!

Call us at 416-769-3338 or Book Your Assessment Today!

About Author: Dominic Hough

Dominic Hough is a Chiropodist working at a Family Health Team in Petrolia. Collaborating with a wide variety of health professionals, Dominic keeps prevention care at the forefront of his practice. Dominic is also a content creator for http://www.Jasonera.com that helps small to large businesses optimise their sales funnels to sell more digital products online.

Learn more about Dominic Hough

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April 3, 2025

Why Poor Blood Flow Causes Toenail Problems

Healthy toenails need healthy circulation, but when blood flow is compromised, they can become brittle, discoloured, or grow slowly. Additional toenail conditions can also develop. Poor circulation and toenail problems are closely linked, especially for those with health problems like diabetes or peripheral artery disease. Understanding why poor blood flow affects toenails can help you take the right steps to protect your foot health and prevent complications. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/3JAUqiqJfus The Importance of Blood Circulation In order to understand the link between poor circulation and toenail issues, we have to start by understanding what blood flow is and what it does. The circulatory system, comprising the heart, blood vessels, and blood, serves as the body's transportation network. Its primary function is to deliver oxygen and essential nutrients to cells while removing waste products like carbon dioxide. The heart pumps oxygen-rich blood through arteries, which branch into smaller arterioles and capillaries, reaching every tissue and organ. This process ensures that each cell receives the necessary components for energy production, growth, and repair. Efficient blood circulation is vital for overall health. Oxygen transported by red blood cells is crucial for cellular respiration, the process by which cells generate energy. Nutrients absorbed from digested food are distributed via the bloodstream to support various bodily functions. Key nutrients delivered by the bloodstream include: Glucose: A simple sugar derived from carbohydrates in our diet, glucose serves as the primary energy source for cells, fueling various physiological processes. Amino Acids: These are the building blocks of proteins, obtained from the digestion of dietary proteins. Amino acids are crucial for tissue growth, repair, and the synthesis of enzymes and hormones. Fatty Acids and Lipids: Essential components of cell membranes and energy storage molecules, fatty acids and lipids are transported to cells for incorporation into cellular structures and for energy production. Vitamins and Minerals: These micronutrients support a range of cellular functions, including maintaining bone health and facilitating nerve transmission. Hormones: Although not nutrients in the traditional sense, hormones are vital signaling molecules transported by the circulatory system to regulate various physiological activities, such as metabolism, growth, and mood. Impaired circulation can slow down healing processes—even for seemingly innocent and minor problems like cuts and scrapes. Likewise, organs and tissues deprived of adequate circulation can suffer damage over time, increasing the risk of conditions such as peripheral artery disease, stroke, and heart attacks. Toenail Health and Circulation: The Connection The circulatory system delivers oxygen and essential nutrients to the nail beds, supporting the growth and maintenance of strong, clear nails. When blood flow is compromised, the nails may not receive adequate nourishment, leading to various issues such as brittleness, discoloration, and slowed growth. In some cases, poor circulation can cause nails to develop ridges, indicating underlying vascular problems. Reduced blood flow can also increase the risk of infections like toenail fungus (onychomycosis). A weakened circulatory system impairs the body's ability to combat pathogens, making the toenail environment more susceptible to fungal overgrowth. This often results in yellowed, thickened nails that you can’t treat without the help of a chiropodist or podiatrist. They must remove the infected portion of the nail so they can apply the correct medicine. Poor blood flow on its own may not cause a problem with your foot health, but it can contribute to the following toenail conditions: Slow or halted nail growth: Inadequate blood flow deprives the nail matrix of essential nutrients and oxygen, resulting in reduced or ceased toenail growth. This can be very frustrating if your toenail falls off or cracks and you’re waiting for it to grow back, leaving your feet vulnerable. Brittle and discolored nails: Insufficient circulation can cause nails to become brittle and change color, often appearing yellowed or darkened. Thickened nails: Poor blood flow may contribute to the thickening of toenails, often via toenail fungus, making them difficult to trim and maintain. Poor blood flow also affects the nail growth process, which can cause nail cells to pile on top of each other and lead to thicker toenails. Ingrown toenails: While not directly caused by poor circulation, individuals with compromised blood flow, such as those with diabetes, are at higher risk for complications from ingrown toenails, including infections and delayed healing. Diabetes, Toenail Health and Circulation Diabetes can lead to two significant complications affecting foot health: diabetic neuropathy and peripheral artery disease (PAD). Diabetic neuropathy results from prolonged high blood sugar levels damaging the nerves, particularly in the legs and feet, causing numbness, tingling, or a loss of sensation. This diminished sensitivity means that innocent injuries, such as cuts or blisters, may go unnoticed, increasing the risk of infections and complications like ulcers, or in severe cases, life threatening problems like gangrene, which require amputation. This is also the case for seemingly minor problems with the toenails. Simultaneously, PAD causes blood vessels to narrow and harden, reducing blood flow to the extremities. This impaired circulation hampers the delivery of oxygen and essential nutrients needed for healing, making the feet and toenails even more susceptible. Regular foot inspections and nail care with a chiropodist or podiatrist, maintaining proper hygiene, and promptly addressing any abnormalities are crucial steps for diabetics to prevent toenail-related complications stemming from poor blood flow. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/QFWBwM6mGqM?feature=share Foot and Nail Care for Poor Circulation Maintaining proper foot and nail care is essential for individuals experiencing poor circulation, as reduced blood flow can lead to various complications. Here are some recommended practices and treatments: https://youtu.be/5PCZuM5E6RU Regular Exercise: Maintaining good circulatory health through regular exercise, a balanced diet, and avoiding smoking is essential for ensuring that the body's systems function as well as possible. One of the best circulation maintenance tips for foot health is working the muscles in the lower extremities. Exercises like toe splays, toe flexes and raises, massage ball rolls, pen pick-ups and seated toe pulls can work wonders. Click here to learn the five best foot exercises to improve blood circulation. They’re particularly helpful in the winter, but are useful all year round. Regular Self Inspections: Conduct daily checks for cuts, sores, or changes in nail color and texture to detect issues early. Moisturizing: Keep feet hydrated to prevent cracks and fissures that can lead to infections. Learn how to moisturize properly here. OnyFix Nail Correction System: For those with ingrown or involuted toenails, the OnyFix system offers a non-invasive, pain-free solution. This innovative treatment involves applying a composite material to the nail, which helps guide it back to its natural shape as it grows, without the need for surgery. It's suitable for various nail shapes. Medical Pedicures: Unlike traditional cosmetic pedicures, medical pedicures are performed by trained foot care professionals, such as chiropodists or podiatrists, in a sterile environment in a foot clinic. They focus on health, addressing issues like nail trimming, callus reduction, and infection prevention. They are especially helpful for dealing with irregular shaped toenails caused by poor circulation - cutting and maintaining these on your own can be very difficult. For people with diabetes, who are at higher risk for foot complications due to poor circulation and neuropathy, medical pedicures are a common and recommended treatment. These specialized pedicures help prevent complications like infections or ulcers by ensuring meticulous foot care. Proper Footwear: Wear well-fitting shoes that provide adequate support and reduce pressure points to promote better circulation. Proper Nail Trimming: Trim nails straight across and avoid cutting them too short to prevent ingrown toenails. And if your toenails are too thick or difficult to cut on your own, book an appointment with a foot specialist.

March 20, 2025

Ram’s Horn Toenails: What They Are and How to Treat Them

Ram’s horn toenails? Sounds like a serious foot issue! And it is—this condition, medically known as onychogryphosis, causes thickened, curved nails that can become painful and difficult to manage over time. It doesn’t just affect nail appearance; it can lead to discomfort, infection, and mobility issues if left untreated. Fortunately, onychogryphosis treatment options from a chiropodist or podiatrist are available to help you manage comfort and nail health. What Are Ram’s Horn Toenails? View this post on Instagram A post shared by Feet First Clinic (@feetfirstclinic_) Ram’s horn toenails (onychogryphosis), one of the many types of toenail conditions, is classified as a nail disorder or nail disease where the toenail becomes extremely thick, abnormally curved, and overgrown, often resembling the spiraled shape of a ram’s horn. This happens because the nail plate—made of keratin—grows unevenly due to disruptions in the nail matrix, the part of the nail bed responsible for new cell production. Instead of growing outward smoothly, the nail thickens, hardens, and may curl or twist due to uneven pressure and irregular cell turnover. They have a similar appearance to a severe fungal toenail infection. The texture of a ram’s horn toenail is usually rough, ridged, and extremely hard, making it difficult to trim with standard nail clippers. Over time, the nail can develop a yellowish, brownish, or even grayish hue due to keratin buildup and potential fungal infections. In severe cases, the nail may grow so long and misshapen that it presses into the surrounding skin, causing pain, tenderness, and difficulty wearing shoes or walking comfortably. Because the thickened nail loses its normal flexibility, it can crack or split, increasing the risk of infection. The appearance of onychogryphosis can also affect confidence and make it difficult to find shoes that accommodate their size and abnormal shape. Although onychogryphosis most commonly affects the big toe, it can develop on others as well. It tends to progress gradually, meaning that early signs—such as mild thickening or slight discoloration—can go unnoticed until the nail has significantly changed in shape and texture. Causes of Ram’s Horn Toenails https://www.youtube.com/shorts/3JAUqiqJfus These toenails do not generally form spontaneously without an underlying cause or risk factor. Let’s take a look at what generally causes this nail disorder. Risk Factors for Ram’s Horn Toenails: Trauma and Ill-Fitting Footwear Repeated or acute trauma to the toenail can disrupt normal nail growth, leading to thickening and deformation. Continuous pressure and friction, such as from ill-fitting footwear, can cause microtrauma to the nail bed, contributing to the development of onychogryphosis. Essentially, the toenail thickens and starts growing in a different direction to protect itself. Age In general, our feet become more vulnerable with age due to several physiological changes that can occur, which can predispose us to onychogryphosis. For instance, reduced peripheral circulation, common in older adults, impairs blood flow to the extremities, leading to diminished oxygen and nutrient delivery to the nails. This alters the nail's natural growth process, causing nails to grow slower and nail cells to pile up on top of each other (rather than growing out). As a result, they thicken and can change shape. Additionally, decreased mobility in the elderly may lead to inadequate foot care, contributing to nail abnormalities. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/gEi59gq5g54 Diabetes Diabetes significantly increases the risk of developing onychogryphosis, particularly due to the effects of diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy reduces sensation in the feet, so individuals may not notice pressure, injuries, or trauma to the toenails, which can lead to deformities like onychogryphosis. Without the ability to feel discomfort, they may unintentionally cause damage to the nail, leading to thickening, curling, and other changes associated with the condition. Additionally, poor circulation caused by diabetes can impede healthy nail growth, making the nails more prone to abnormalities. Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) As already discussed, poor circulation affects the nail growth process and can lead to nail deformities. In particular, peripheral vascular disease involves the narrowing of peripheral arteries, reducing blood flow to the limbs. The diminished circulation can cause various symptoms, including slow or unusual nail growth. Without proper blood flow, the nails may become thickened and misshapen, potentially progressing to onychogryphosis if left untreated. Cognitive Impairment Relating back to age as a risk factor, conditions such as dementia can lead to neglected foot care due to cognitive decline. Individuals with dementia may forget or be unable to perform regular foot hygiene practices, increasing the risk of nail deformities like onychogryphosis. Self neglect, or infrequent cutting of toenails for a significant amount for any reason, is also a risk factor. High-Friction Sports and Activity Participating in high-friction sports like running, soccer, or ballet can increase the risk of developing onychogryphosis. Repetitive pressure and friction from constant movement or improper footwear during these activities can cause trauma to the toenail, leading to thickening, curling, and potential deformity. Runners, for example, often experience repeated impact on their toenails, particularly the big toe, which can cause them to become damaged or misshapen over time. Additionally, athletes who wear shoes that are too tight or too loose, which cause friction and rubbing, are more likely to develop toenail issues. As is the case with ill-fitting footwear, over time, the nail thickens and changes growth direction in order to protect itself from the repetitive trauma. Hyperuricemia High levels of uric acid in the blood is often associated with gout, but it can also contribute to the development of onychogryphosis. Elevated uric acid can lead to the deposition of urate crystals in joints and tissues, including the nails, which can cause inflammation and damage. This buildup may result in nail thickening, distortion, and a rough appearance. While gout primarily affects joints, the condition’s systemic nature can also have an impact on nail health Fungal Infections Also known as onychomycosis, fungal infections cause thickening and nail distortion. These infections often thrive in warm, moist environments and can infiltrate the nail, leading to changes in color, texture, and shape. In diabetic patients, onychomycosis prevalence is notably higher, reaching up to 31.5%, due to factors like elevated blood glucose levels and compromised immune response. Psoriasis / Psoriatic Arthritis Psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis can cause nail changes in roughly half of affected individuals. Proper management of psoriasis through medical treatments can help alleviate these nail changes and improve overall nail health. Treating Ram’s Horn Toenails: Nail Care for Curved Toenails https://www.youtube.com/shorts/QFWBwM6mGqM Routine Professional Nail Care It’s very important to visit a Podiatrist or Chiropodist, both types of foot specialists in Ontario, if you have Ram’s horn toenails. This is because it is far too difficult, even dangerous, to manage them yourself. Their thickness, abnormal shape and unsightly appearance and positioning on your foot make it impractical to try cutting them with standard nail clippers, and is not advised. A chiropodist or podiatrist can tend to your nails properly with specialized tools designed to maintain nail disorders. They can also perform toenail debridement, smooth out nail edges, clean out debris, and apply sprays that help with discoloration. Other nail care treatment options may vary depending on the severity of the condition. In more extreme cases, surgical interventions such as nail avulsion—removal of the nail plate—may be considered. If an infection is present, a chiropodist or podiatrist can prescribe the appropriate antifungal or antibacterial treatments to address the underlying cause (you can't treat fungal infections from home). In addition to the specialized care provided by podiatrists and chiropodists, treatment for Ram’s horn toenails can also include regular monitoring to track any changes in the condition. They may suggest specific at-home care practices, such as gentle cleaning and moisturizing, to support the overall health of the nails and surrounding skin. For individuals with chronic conditions, like diabetes, it is especially important to maintain close contact with a foot care specialist to ensure the toenails remain manageable and complications are avoided. Diabetes patients who neglect their foot health can experience severe ulcer formation. Onyfix Onyfix is just one of the many unique ways a foot specialist can help treat curved, curled or Ram's Horn Toenails. It's a non-surgical treatment that involves the placement of a band across the toenail. This band then corrects the nail's growth pattern and shape. It's great for Ram's Horn Toenails because it will help flatten out the toenail on the nail bed and "train" the toenail to grow in the correct direction. Proper Fitting Footwear But all the treatment in the world won't matter without eliminating one of the most common causes of curved, curled and abnormal toenails: ill-fitting footwear. As we already discussed, ill-fitting footwear causes repetitive trauma on the nailbed, which disrupts the toenail's growth process. Prioritizing footwear that minimizes pressure and allows for adequate toe room to alleviate discomfort and prevent further nail distortion is key. Opting for shoes with a wide toe box provides ample space for the toes to spread naturally, reducing friction and pressure on the affected nails. Shoes may also require extra depth, and orthopedic footwear may be required for sufficient comfort. Featured Photo By PixaBay

March 6, 2025

Palmoplantar Keratoderma: What is it?

Figuratively speaking, it’s a good thing to have “thick skin,” right? But if you have palmoplantar keratoderma, it’s a different story. This condition, sometimes shortened to PPK, refers to a group of foot skin disorders characterized by thick, rough, and yellowed skin on the hand palms and feet soles. These conditions can be either inherited or acquired. In today’s article, we’ll explore the symptoms, causes, and, most importantly, the treatment options available. This type of skin thickening may warrant a trip to a foot clinic and the expertise of a foot care professional, such as a Chiropodist or Podiatrist. However, successful treatment may depend on the underlying cause of the skin thickening. What is Palmoplantar Keratoderma? This condition combines two scientific terms: palmoplantar, which specifically refers to the skin on the soles of the feet and the palms of the hands, and keratoderma, a term for epidermis (skin) thickening. In less common cases, transgradient keratoderma can affect the top of the hands and feet. The feet are usually more severely affected than the hands. Palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) causes thickened skin on the palms and soles due to an overproduction of keratin, the protein that forms the outer layer of the skin. Normally, keratin helps protect the skin from friction, pressure, and environmental damage. However, in PPK, something disrupts the balance of keratin production and shedding, leading to excessive buildup. This happens because of genetic mutations or external factors that affect how skin cells grow and mature. Inherited forms of PPK often involve mutations in genes that control keratin formation or the connections between skin cells. These mutations make the skin cells more resistant to breaking down, so they pile up instead of naturally shedding. Since the palms and soles experience the most pressure and friction in daily life, they are especially prone to this excessive keratin buildup. Over time, the thickened skin can cause pain or become hard and cracked, depending on the severity of the condition. Some types can also cause blisters to form. Types of Palmoplantar Keratoderma and Associated Symptoms https://www.youtube.com/shorts/-iNFLGednYY Genetic (hereditary) keratoderma is usually divided into three main categories: diffuse, affecting the entire hand palm and foot sole; focal, where thickening is limited to pressure points; and punctate, which appears as small, hard lesions. Some genetic PPKs - particularly diffuse - are syndromic, meaning they are associated with other health conditions and additional symptoms, ranging from hearing loss to nail abnormalities to internal organ damage. Acquired PPK, on the other hand, is always syndromic and develops later in life due to external factors such as infections, inflammatory diseases, or underlying systemic conditions like internal malignancies. Acquired forms may be easier to treat since you and your healthcare team can address the underlying cause. Acquired PPK is also more common than genetic, since there are more causes and risk factors associated with it. Most types of PPK cause varying degrees of thick skin, potential foot odor (as a result of sweat combined with thick skin) and yellow/discoloured skin. Genetic PPK Types and Symptoms Diffuse PPK This form presents with even thickened skin on the palms and soles, often with a red border at the edges. Symptoms typically appear in early childhood and may include excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis). The thickening is usually confined to the palms and soles, without extending to the tops of the hands or feet. Focal PPK This type is characterized by linear (striate) thickened areas on the palms and soles, often following the lines of skin tension. It is typically caused by mutations in genes encoding desmosomal proteins, which are crucial for cell adhesion. A specific type of focal PPK called Pachyonychia Congenita is a rare genetic disorder that can also cause thick toenails. Punctate PPK This form is characterized by multiple small, hard, corn-like lesions scattered on the palms and soles. It is associated with mutations in genes that play a role in skin cell function. Acquired PPK Types and Symptoms PPK from Infections (syphilis, etc) Rough, scaly and yellow thickening on the palms and soles. May come with a rash or other symptoms affecting the whole body. Clears up when the infection is treated. PPK from Inflammatory Skin Conditions (psoriasis, eczema) Thickened, inflamed skin with redness and scaling. Can extend beyond just the palms and soles. Often improves with medicated creams or treatments that calm the immune system. PPK Linked to Other Health Conditions (cancer, hormone disorders) Yellow thickening of the palms and soles that appears suddenly in adulthood. Can sometimes signal an underlying health issue, like cancer. Needs further medical evaluation to check for possible internal diseases. What is the Difference Between Palmoplantar Keratoderma and Calluses? PPK is not the only cause of skin thickening on the feet and hands. In fact, it is more rare than another common culprit: calluses. But how do you know which condition you have? Calluses are localized areas of thickened skin that develop as a protective response to repeated friction or pressure. Commonly found on individuals who are physically active or spend long hours wearing ill-fitting shoes, they are much less severe than PPK. PPK tends to be thicker and more noticeable, alarming and unsightly than calluses, often covering a larger, symmetrical area on the palms and soles. It can appear hard and more yellow, or red and flaky. In some PPK cases, you may observe a red band at the edges of the thickened skin. Calluses can have a more mild appearance (but not always; they can sometimes be thick and painful!), with some people not even realizing they have them. Does that mean that PPK is the same as having excessive calluses? Not exactly. Calluses are only caused by friction and pressure----whereas PPK always has a driving force behind it, whether it's a genetic mutation or the result of an illness. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/yBACD8bUim0 Palmoplantar Keratoderma Treatment: Can a Chiropodist or Podiatrist Help? While there is no outright cure for certain forms of PPK, Chiropodists and Podiatrists can help manage symptoms, reduce discomfort, and improve mobility. This typically involves regular debridement (carefully removing excess skin), possibly prescribing medicinal products, and offering footwear advice to minimize friction and pressure. The latter may also include prescribing custom orthotics to properly distribute pressure on the bottom of the feet, especially if the thickened skin is impacting daily life. Scheduling an initial assessment is a good start! Naturally, since PPK can be linked to an underlying condition, more comprehensive care may be needed. A Chiropodist or Podiatrist might become a part of a broader team of healthcare professionals that can help you, including a dermatologist, your family doctor or other specialists trained to tackle the root cause. You may need advanced treatments such as topical retinoids, corticosteroids, or even laser therapy in some cases. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/sBIdll7qylQ

January 30, 2025

5 Common Toenail Conditions

Toenail conditions can cover a wide range of problems, each with its own set of symptoms. Typical causes and risk factors include wearing ill-fitting shoes over long periods, contracting contagious fungi, infections, cutting your toenails incorrectly, having poor circulation and more. Today we’ll talk about the 5 most common toenail conditions and what you can do to address each one. Nailed it! 5 Common Toenail Conditions Ingrown toenails Toenail fungus Cracked/stubbed toenails Discoloured toenails Onycholysis Risk Factors for Common Toenail Problems Improper nail trimming, such as cutting nails too short or rounding edges. Wearing tight or ill-fitting footwear that puts pressure on the toes. Frequent exposure to damp or moist environments - this leads to fungal infections, which can spread and worsen without treatment. Walking barefoot in communal areas, which increases exposure to fungi and bacteria. Trauma to the toes, such as stubbing or dropping heavy objects. Poor foot hygiene, leading to debris buildup and a more favourable environment for bacteria and fungi. Genetics, including naturally curved nails or a family history of nail issues. Poor circulation, which disrupts the natural toenail growth process and can lead to an array of toenail deformities and misshapen toenails. Medical conditions like diabetes or peripheral vascular disease, which impair circulation and healing. It's extremely important to attend regular appointments with a chiropodist or podiatrist if you have diabetes as even deceptively minor issues, like cracked toenails or ingrown toenails, can turn into diabetic ulcers when ignored. Psoriasis or other skin conditions affecting the nails. Weak or brittle nails caused by aging, poor nutrition, or overuse of harsh chemicals (too many cosmetic pedicures). Repetitive pressure on nails from activities like running or wearing high heels. 1. Ingrown Toenails https://www.youtube.com/shorts/LoCcoKOhV7E Ingrown toenails are one of the most common toenail problems, with some studies suggesting they affect 20% of patients who seek medical care for foot-related issues. They occur when the edges or corners of a toenail grow into the soft skin surrounding it. This leads to inflammation, swelling, and pain. The big toes are particularly prone to this condition due to their size and the pressure they endure during daily activities. Nails grow from the nail matrix, a layer of tissue beneath the cuticle that produces keratin, the protein that forms the nail. Healthy nails grow straight outward, following the curve of the toe. However, if the nail is cut incorrectly, exposed to excessive pressure and toe crowding in shoes, or grows irregularly due to genetics, its edges can deviate and pierce the surrounding skin. Once the nail edge enters the skin, the body identifies it as a foreign object. This triggers an inflammatory response, where blood flow to the area increases, causing redness, swelling, and pain. If bacteria enter the wound, infection may develop, leading to pus and further discomfort. Treatment for ingrown toenails depends on the severity of the condition and the individual’s needs. For mild cases, conservative care such as warm water soaks, antibiotic ointments, and proper nail trimming can help alleviate discomfort and prevent infection. Professional treatments offer more targeted solutions. OnyFix is a non-invasive option that uses a specialized band applied to the nail, gently guiding its growth to prevent future ingrown edges without the need for surgery. Medical pedicures, performed by a chiropodist or podiatrist, safely address ingrown nails by trimming and reshaping them with sterilized tools while maintaining overall nail health. For severe or recurrent cases, surgical interventions such as partial or total nail avulsion may be necessary to remove the problematic portion of the nail and ensure long-term relief. Consulting a foot care specialist is key to determining the most effective treatment plan. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/ZsFQqCkVf40 2. Toenail Fungus Fungal toenails occur when fungi infect the nail bed, causing changes in the nail's colour, texture, and thickness. The fungi thrive in warm, moist environments, which makes the toes a prime target, especially in people who wear tight shoes, sweat excessively, or walk barefoot in public areas. Over time, the nail may become discoloured (yellow, brown, or white), thickened, and brittle, and it may even begin to separate from the nail bed. Fungal infections can be persistent and difficult to treat due to the fact they’re essentially stuck under the nail. This means professional intervention from a chiropodist or podiatrist is necessary. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/jo9Ro-iGU2s 3. Cracked / Stubbed Toenails Cracked and stubbed toenails often coexist. They occur when the nail becomes brittle and breaks, often due to factors like dehydration, excessive moisture, or external pressure from tight shoes. The nail’s keratin structure weakens, leading to splits or fractures. Stubbed toenails, on the other hand, happen when the toe is forcefully struck, causing immediate pain and potential damage to the nail, which includes cracking. You can usually let your cracked toenails grow out naturally. If the nail is cracked due to sudden trauma and there is no other culprit at play, this will take about 6 to 8 weeks to start, and sometimes over a year to completely regrow properly. A chiropodist or podiatrist might be able to provide a remedy to encourage faster growth, and suggest the best footwear for your feet to avoid toe crowding and further nail damage. In the case of complications or a more sinister underlying problem, a foot specialist may partially or fully remove the nail (avulsion) or apply dressing to the area to prevent infection. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/lArn5KLnnSA 4. Discoloured Toenails Discoloured toenails are more of a symptom than a problem. When the nail changes colour, it often reflects a problem with the nail, tissue beneath it, or your general health. Fungal infections, for example, commonly cause yellow or brown discoloration, as the fungi damage the nail and its growth. Trauma can also lead to discolouration, often presenting as a dark bruise (purple or black) due to blood pooling under the nail. Nail Discolouration Causes and Colours: Yellow: Fungal infections, thickening, aging. Black: Trauma or bruising beneath the nail, potentially accompanied by blood pooling. White spots: Trauma, fungus, allergies — generally harmless. Bluish/Pale: Circulation issues, anemia, or other health conditions. Treatment is difficult to discern as many factors may be causing discolouration. The best course of action is scheduling a foot assessment or nail care appointment with a chiropodist or podiatrist at a foot clinic. 5. Onycholysis This is a term for when your nail starts to separate from the nail bed. It often coexists with toenail fungus, psoriasis or trauma/toe injuries. Depending on the cause, you may need a full course of fungal toenail treatment at a foot clinic. A Chiropodist or Podiatrist will determine what’s causing the problem and curate a specialized treatment plan. As mentioned before, the detached portion of your nail will usually grow back on its own if it's separated because of trauma. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/QFWBwM6mGqM Prevention Tips for Common Toenail Problems Trim nails straight across and avoid cutting them too short. Wear properly fitting footwear that allows adequate toe room. Maintain good foot hygiene, including regular washing and drying of feet. Avoid walking barefoot in communal areas to reduce the risk of fungal infections. Keep feet dry, especially in winter, and use moisture-wicking socks to prevent fungal growth. Protect toes from trauma by wearing protective footwear in hazardous environments. Moisturize nails and cuticles regularly to prevent brittleness and cracking. Avoid harsh chemicals, including acetone-based nail polish removers. Monitor nails for discoloration, thickening, or unusual texture changes. Seek professional care from a Chiropodist or Podiatrist if you suspect you have a fungal infection. Seek professional care from a Chiropodist or Podiatrist if you notice persistent pain, redness, or swelling. Schedule foot assessments and regular medical pedicures with a Chiropodist or Podiatrist so they can keep an eye on your feet — four eyes are better than two!

December 26, 2024

What is the Difference Between Corns and Plantar Warts?

While corns and plantar warts may look alike at first glance, they differ significantly in their causes, symptoms, and treatments. If you’re unsure about whether you have a corn or a plantar wart, visiting a chiropodist can help you receive an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Whether it’s corn enucleation or wart removal, timely intervention with a podiatrist or chiropodist at a foot clinic will ensure your feet stay healthy and pain-free. What are Corns? Corns are small, thickened areas of skin that develop in response to repeated friction, pressure, or irritation. They usually develop on the feet, particularly in weight-bearing areas such as the tops and sides of the toes or on the soles. Foot corns are essentially the skin's way of protecting itself from friction, forming as a shield for the underlying skin. The hardened layer is your body’s method of preventing skin ulceration. There are different types of foot corns, each with its own characteristics. Hard corns are small, round, and painful, typically found on the bottom of the foot due to abnormal pressure or friction. Soft corns, which are usually located between the toes, are white and rubbery due to moisture. Seed corns are tiny, painless and appear on the sole of the foot. Corns: Causes, Risk Factors and Symptoms Generally speaking, corns are caused by inefficient foot mechanics which lead to excessive pressure and friction. They may also be linked to other foot conditions. For example, an abnormal gait pattern due to flat feet can lead to pressure points. This can then cause corn formation in vulnerable areas of your foot. Here are some key risk factors and causes: Wearing high heels often. Wearing shoes that are the wrong size. Wearing uncomfortable shoes. Not wearing socks with your shoes. Irregular walking motion / abnormal gait. Corn Symptoms Include: Thickened, hardened areas of skin on the toes, sides, or soles of the feet Rough or waxy texture on the affected area Localized pain or tenderness, especially when pressure is applied Yellowish or greyish appearance, sometimes with a central core Discomfort during walking or wearing tight-fitting shoes Interference with daily activities in severe cases What are Plantar Warts? Plantar warts are localized skin infections caused by certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), specifically types 1, 2, and 4 which target the epidermis—the outermost layer of the skin. The strain of HPV can sometimes determine how painful a plantar wart may be. For example, HPV 1 may cause deeper, more painful warts, while HPV 2 causes more superficial ones. These warts develop on the plantar surface of the foot, which includes the sole and heel, areas that bear significant weight and endure pressure during standing and walking. Unlike some other HPV-related warts, plantar warts are non-cancerous and are confined to the feet, as the virus is adapted to thrive in the thicker, tougher skin found on the soles. Plantar warts can last anywhere from two months to several years, especially if left untreated. For individuals with a healthy immune system, plantar warts are generally not a significant health concern. However, they can make activities like walking, standing, or running very uncomfortable and painful. The pressure exerted on the wart may cause irritation and discomfort, which causes hardened skin to build up over the wart. The latter is also a big reason people confuse them with corns or calluses. It’s important to seek treatment as soon as you notice any symptoms: Even if it's not interfering with your daily routine, it is still contagious so you can infect others. In addition, addressing these symptoms promptly with a foot specialist like a chiropodist or podiatrist can prevent further complications. Plantar Warts: Causes, Risk Factors and Symptoms Plantar warts are contagious and similar to fungal infections like athlete’s foot in that you can contract them by walking barefoot in public, moist spaces. Here are some more details on what activities or risk factors may lead to plantar warts: You have a weakened immune system. Many people's immune system can recognize and fight off the HPV virus before warts form. However, people with a poorly functioning immune system are more susceptible as their body is less equipped recognize and fight the HPV virus. People who are immunocompromised may take longer to fight the virus, meaning that that the warts will take longer to treat. You’re 65 or older, or a child or teenager: Plantar warts can be more common in these age brackets. For children, their immune systems are still developing, and they’re more likely to share communal spaces like gyms and locker rooms. For seniors, the immune system may be compromised. Environment exposure and being barefoot: Frequenting warm, moist environments like swimming pools, locker rooms, and communal showers increases exposure to HPV. These areas are ideal breeding grounds for the virus, making it easy to contract through bare feet. Walking barefoot on abrasive surfaces, like pool decks or gym mats, can also create micro-injuries that allow HPV to enter. Skin cracks and abrasions: Any break in the skin, including cracks, blisters, or injuries, can act as an entry point for the virus. Poor foot hygiene practices: Neglecting foot care, such as not cleaning feet thoroughly or allowing them to remain damp for prolonged periods, can create conditions favourable for infection. Plantar Wart Symptoms Include: Rough, thick circular patches that have similar colouring and shape to a cauliflower. Warts that form on the heels, around your toes, or on the ball of the foot. Other discoloration: brown, pink, yellow or gray. “Wart seeds” – which look like a small black dot in the wart Pain, tenderness and general discomfort. Bleeding. Both cluster and solitary growth are possible. Corns and Plantar Warts: Key Differences While warts and corns can look and feel very similar, the main difference lies what causes them. Corns are caused by the body's response to excessive friction against the skin, whereas plantar warts are caused by strands of the contagious HPV virus. Here are two additional ways to help distinguish between corns and plantar warts. Pain type: Plantar warts may cause pain when pinched from the sides, whereas corns are tender when pressure is applied directly to them. Appearance: Corns have a “waxy” yellowish appearance, whereas plantar warts often have a black dot in the centre. And while difficult to tell, warts go much deeper into the skin than corns. Location: Corns tend to occur in the non-weight bearing parts of the foot, like between or on top of the toes. Conversely, plantar warts tend to occur on the weight-bearing parts of the foot, like the ball of the foot. Multiplication and Spreading: Corns are concentrated in pressure-points on the foot and don't typically "spread". Plantar warts, however, can multiply and spread to other parts of the foot if the virus is allowed to grow unchecked. Corns and Plantar Warts: Treatment and Prevention https://www.youtube.com/shorts/TDV3Dd98oOM Many services performed by a chiropodist or podiatrist are available at a foot clinic and can target both conditions. How to Treat Plantar Warts Plantar wart treatment requires a specialized approach. As they're caused by a virus, they cannot simply be "removed". Rather, depending on the severity of the warts, the frequency of re-exposure to the virus, and the person's immune system, warts can take multiple treatments spanning over several months. Here are the different treatment options for plantar warts, in order from most conservative to most aggressive: Salicylic acid, a common over-the-counter treatment, gradually softens the wart and sheds layers of skin. Although it is not painful, it may take longer to see results. For a faster alternative, a chiropodist can prescribe a higher-strength salicylic acid solution to be applied at home with follow-up visits. The chiropodist will then routinely debride the dead skin covering the wart to allow better penetration of the medication. Cryotherapy, or freezing, is another standard method where liquid nitrogen is applied to the wart to freeze and destroy the wart tissue. This treatment may cause temporary pain and requires multiple sessions, each 2 -3 weeks apart. Cantharone (canthacur) is an acid applied by a chiropodist that causes a blister to form and the wart to lift off the skin, typically within a few days. Although this treatment is more effective and doesn't take as long as cryotherapy, the resulting blister may be uncomfortable. This is the most common treatment used by chiropodists. It requires multiple treatments, each 2 - 3 weeks apart (though typically not as many as cryotherapy). Wart needling is a surgical procedure. It involves puncturing the wart multiple times with a sterile needle to trigger the body's immune response. It is a good option for multiple or resistant warts. Finally, excision involves surgical removal of the wart. It is reserved for stubborn warts that don't respond to other treatments, and has a risk of scarring. It is seldom used. How to Treat Corns A chiropodist or podiatrist can treat corns by gently shaving down the thickened skin with sterilized tools. The treatment is effective, safe, typically painless, and will discomfort without risking infection. Inserts and custom orthotics can also play a significant role in managing and preventing recurrent corns. Custom orthotics are specially designed to provide support and distribute pressure evenly across the foot. This reduces the friction and pressure points that can lead to corns. Over-the-counter insoles and inserts can also provide extra cushioning and improve the fit of shoes, offering relief and preventing further irritation. Self care can also go a long way. Soaking corns in warm water softens them, making it easier to reduce its size. It's also important to moisturize your feet regularly to make the skin stronger and more flexible, which will reduce its sensitivity to friction and hardened skin buildup. Toe pads or non-medicated patches can also protect corns from further irritation and promote healing. Lastly, but equally important, you must find the right shoes to wear for each season and choose shoes with a proper fit. This can help prevent the pressure and friction that causes foot corns. A complimentary shoe fitting at a foot clinic can help! https://www.youtube.com/shorts/R7GV0GbKhvQ

October 28, 2024

5 Ways Cold and Wet Weather Impacts Your Feet

Taking care of your feet during winter might require a little extra effort, but it’s essential for preventing discomfort and long-term issues. The cold weather can impact your feet in its own unique ways, just like hot weather can. Whether you’re dealing with dry, cracked skin or trying to avoid slippery conditions, being mindful of your foot health will keep you a step ahead of the cold. 5 Ways Cold and Wet Weather Can Impact Your Feet Dry, cracked skin Skin conditions Reduced circulation Stiffness and joint pain Winter-related foot conditions 1. Dry, Cracked Skin https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1-Sf43woLLE One of the first things you may notice during the winter is dry, cracked skin on your feet, especially your heels. The chilly air and low humidity can quickly sap the moisture from your skin, leaving your feet feeling rough and sore. Heating indoors doesn’t help either, as it dries out the air, exacerbating the issue. This is where cold weather foot care enters the picture! Since cracked skin can cause pain and even bleed, it becomes essential to protect your feet. This dryness isn’t just unsightly—if the cracks open up, it creates an easy pathway for infections. This can lead to debilitating pain and bleeding that makes walking difficult. Regular moisturizing with a medical-grade foot cream is a straightforward way to combat dry feet and cracked heels. Look for products that contains a high urea concentration, which will help your skin replenish and retain lost moisture. It's important to use a foot cream instead of a regular moisturizer for your feet because the skin on your feet is thicker than the skin elsewhere on our body. Therefore, a regular body or facial moisturizer won't cut it - especially during the dry, colder months. While you're at it, take your hydration to the next level by always remembering to drink your eight glasses of water per day. This advice still holds up today! 2. Reduced Circulation Cold weather can mess with your blood flow, which can pose a problematic obstacle for foot health. When temperatures drop, blood vessels constrict to preserve heat, meaning less blood flows to your extremities. This is called vasoconstriction. As a result, your feet may feel cold, numb, or even tingly. Poor circulation can also lead to prolonged healing times for cuts or blisters. This is concerning for diabetes patients with neuropathy who are already struggling with wound healing issues. That's why cold weather diabetic foot care should always include steps to monitor and improve blood flow— including daily foot inspections and easy foot exercises. Wearing thermal socks and ensuring your feet are properly insulated can help combat the impact of reduced circulation. Just make sure your thermal socks fit comfortably with your fall and winter footwear: if your shoes or boots are too tight, it will reduce circulation and make your feet more susceptible to cold-weather complications (more on that below). If you experience slippery conditions during winter, circulation issues can also increase your risk of falling or slipping. When your feet are numb, it’s harder to get a good sense of balance, so be cautious and wear shoes with good grip for FALL prevention. Moving around can also help keep your blood flowing. So, if you’re out and about, take small breaks to wiggle your toes and stretch to maintain circulation. There are even targeted foot exercises you can try to help trigger healthy blood flow. In fact, you should do these more often in the winter than the summer. 3. Skin Conditions https://www.youtube.com/shorts/xZ4RQwPmCzg It might seem strange to consider blisters a winter problem, but they can definitely crop up due to cold weather foot care challenges. Wearing heavy boots and thick socks can cause friction, leading to blisters on your heels or toes. This is why it’s extremely important for boots to fit snugly, but not be too tight. So if the socks you like to wear in the winter are causing your boots to constrict your feet, they don’t fit! And if your feet are already dry, cracked, or dealing with reduced circulation, they’re even more susceptible to developing painful blisters. Combat this by ensuring your boots and sock combo always fit perfectly together, and opt for moisture wicking socks to go the extra mile. Another common winter foot problem is athlete's foot. Though often associated with the hot summer months and public swimming pools, athlete's foot is no stranger to winter either. Athlete's foot thrives in wet, damp areas, so instead of crowded public summer pools, fungal infections change their habitat to the wet-from-the-snow environment inside your boots. And keep in mind, you can get athlete’s foot simply by coming into contact with someone who already has it. When you’re tackling wet feet, whether it’s from snow or rain, you need to dry them thoroughly before putting on warm socks. Athlete’s foot loves moist environments, so making sure your feet are dry is key. If you start to notice itchy or peeling skin between your toes, it’s a sign that athlete's foot might be setting in. Treat it promptly with your Toronto chiropodist, who can provide the right antifungal products. Make sure you also keep your feet clean and dry and avoid sharing shoes and socks to protect your feet from a future infection. 4. Stiffness and Joint Pain https://www.youtube.com/shorts/n46k32OZgco Cold weather tightens your muscles, which in turn can lead to stiff joints. This discomfort can be particularly noticeable if you already have arthritis or any other joint-related issues. Without the right cold weather foot care, your feet can end up feeling stiff, which can affect your overall mobility. To help counteract this, regular stretching and low-impact exercises, such as foot rotations, can keep your joints limber. This season also requires some extra attention to footwear. Choose shoes with ample support to keep your feet cushioned against the impact of walking on hard, cold surfaces. Slippery conditions can further aggravate joint pain because your body works overtime to stay balanced, putting extra pressure on your feet. Adding orthotics or insoles that provide added arch support can also reduce some of this strain and make your steps feel more cushioned and less jarring. 5. Winter Related Foot Conditions Winter brings its own set of unique foot problems, including chilblains, frostbite, and Raynaud’s disease, all of which can make cold weather foot care a bit trickier. Chilblains occur when your feet are exposed to cold, damp environments, causing painful, itchy red patches. This is particularly common in teenagers, or people who quickly reheat their feet after being in the cold, so it’s best to warm up slowly. Frostbite is another concern in extreme cold, as it can severely damage your skin and tissues. Frostbite can occur more quickly than you might expect, especially if you don't protect your feet from the weather. Signs of frostbite include numbness, skin discolouration, and a hard, waxy texture. If you think you may be experiencing frostbite, it’s essential to seek medical help immediately. To prevent frostbite, be sure to layer up and wear weatherproof boots that keep your feet dry and warm. Lastly, Raynaud’s disease can be exacerbated by cold weather. People with Raynaud’s experience an exaggerated response to cold, which restricts blood flow to the toes, leading to reduced circulation and making your feet even more vulnerable. Keeping your feet constantly warm and avoiding sudden temperature changes can help manage Raynaud’s symptoms, but if you experience persistent pain or numbness, you should consult a healthcare provider.

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