Frostbite: How To Spot, Treat, And Prevent It

Written by Bianca Charles on February 4, 2021

Last updated February 11, 2021

Living in Canada, it’s critical to know the cold, hard truths of frostbite.

With an average Winter daily temperature of -1.5 C to – 9 C, Toronto winters are much more temperate than many other parts of Canada – like the prairies, eastern and northern Ontario and northern provinces and territories – which reduces the risk of frostbite.

Given Toronto‘s proximity to Lake Ontario and the lake effect, winter conditions can vary greatly. Being ill-prepared can put you at greater risk. In any event, look out for winter weather warnings for advanced notice of any incoming cold fronts or an Alberta clipper.

If you travel outside of the GTA, especially to the east or north, be aware of different climates throughout Ontario. For example, travelling to Ottawa means temperatures 5-10 C colder than Toronto at times, so wearing footwear that protects against both the cold and moisture are crucial.

Let’s get an overview, preventative measures, do’s and don’ts, and treatment for frostbite.

What is frostbite?

Frostbite is an injury caused by the freezing of the skin and underlying tissues. First, your skin becomes very cold and red, then numb, hard and pale. This skin condition is most common on the fingers, toes, nose, ears, cheeks and chin. For the purpose of this article, we’ll be focusing on the toes.

Typically, exposed skin is the most prone, especially in cold, windy conditions, but our feet are not often exposed directly to the elements (unlike hands, nose, and ears). For that reason, frostbite in your toes is more likely due to inadequate footwear, socks, or prolonged exposure outside.

Depending on the temperature you may develop frostbite as quickly as within 15 minutes of exposure to several hours.

What are the 3 stages of frostbite?

You don’t all of a sudden go from normal skin to frostbite. There are intermediate stages of frostbite, all with differing levels of severity.

On the one end, you have normal skin, which is at regular room temperature. On the far end, you have deep frostbite, which is the most serious form. The stages are below:

1. Frostnip

Frostnip is a milder form of cold injury that doesn’t cause permanent skin damage. You can treat frostnip with first-aid measures, including rewarming the affected skin. All other frostbite requires medical attention because it can damage skin, tissues, muscle and bones. Possible complications include infection and nerve damage

2. Superficial frostbite

With superficial frostbite, your skin feels warm, a sign of serious skin involvement. A fluid-filled Blister may appear 24 to 36 hours after rewarming the skin.

3. Deep frostbite

With deep frostbite, you may experience Numbness. Joints or muscles may no longer work. Large blisters form 24 to 48 hours after rewarming. Afterwards, the area turns black and hard as the tissue dies.

Does frostbite heal?

Frostnip

Frostnip can be treated with simple first-aid measures that include preventing further exposure to cold and rewarming.

Rewarming can be accomplished by soaking the affected area in warm (not hot) water for 15 to 30 minutes. Rewarming using heat sources such as stoves or heating pads should be avoided, as these can lead to burns.

As your skin begins to warm up, you may feel some pain or tingling. You can take over-the-counter pain medication such as ibuprofen to ease any discomfort.

Superficial frostbite

Many people can recover fully from superficial frostbite. New skin will form under any blisters or scabs. However, some people may have permanent problems that can include pain or numbness in the area.

Deep frostbite

As with some cases of superficial frostbite, people that have had deep frostbite may have lasting problems that can include pain or numbness as well as increased sensitivity to cold in the area.

How long does frostbite last?

In milder cases, frostnip can go away shortly (hours) after the area is rewarmed. In more severe cases, the effects can last for weeks, if not permanently. Skin is also more susceptible to the cold in subsequent exposures to the elements.

What about chilblains?

Chilblains is a common cold weather condition that is similar in ways to frostnip. Unlike frostnip/frostbite, chilblains occur with chronic cold temperatures and in the presence of moisture. It’s characterized by slight swelling of the toes and redness as the condition is the painful inflammation of small blood vessels. Whereas frostbite/frostnip is often caused by a single bout of cold exposure, chilblains is the repeated exposure to colder (but not freezing) temperatures.

Chilblains usually clear up within one to three weeks, especially if the weather gets warmer

What should you not do when you have frostbite?

Don’t rub the affected skin with snow or anything else.
Don’t walk on frostbitten feet or toes.
Don’t stay outside. Get out of the cold.
Don’t stay in wet clothes. Once inside, shed layers, and wrap yourself in a warm blanket.
Don’t rewarm the skin with direct heat, such as a stove, heat lamp, fireplace or heating pad. This can cause burns. Gently warm the area instead to avoid rapid temperature change.
Don’t underestimate the effects of damaged skin. When in doubt, contact a medical professional.

See how we can help!

Prepare for winter with products from Feet First Clinic, Toronto’s leading foot clinic. Whether mild or severe, you can rest easy knowing we’re able and happy to solve all your foot care needs. Call us at 416-769-3338 or Book Your Assessment Today!

Everything You Need for Healthy Feet - All Under One Roof

At Feet First Clinic, we’re always excited to welcome new clients! We’re Toronto’s one-stop-shop for all your foot-related needs. For 15 years, our staff and licensed chiropodists have been helping people with their feet. From foot care to foot pain to foot products – we do it all! Give us a call to ask our friendly staff any questions you may have! Our Toronto foot specialists are ready to help!

Call us at 416-769-3338 or Book Your Assessment Today!

About Author: Bianca Charles

With 15 years of dedicated experience in podiatry, Bianca Carter offers a wealth of knowledge and expertise at Feet First Clinic. Throughout her career, Bianca has worked closely with leading chiropodists, continually deepening her understanding of all aspects of foot care.

Learn more about Bianca Charles

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November 28, 2024

Why You Shouldn’t Ignore Foot and Ankle Swelling: Potential Causes and When to See a Specialist

Whether caused by an injury, circulation problems, or a chronic condition, foot and ankle swelling shouldn't be ignored. In this blog, we'll explore potential causes of swelling, when it might be a sign of something more serious, and how seeing a foot specialist at a Toronto foot clinic can help you get back on your feet. What is Foot Swelling? https://www.youtube.com/shorts/dFZVG-2ymxY The medical term for foot and ankle swelling is called edema. This term can also be used for swelling in other body parts. It is an accumulation of fluid leaking from small blood vessels into the tissues of the foot and ankle. This causes the area to appear puffy or enlarged. Swelling in the feet often occurs because of circulation issues, injuries, infections, or underlying health conditions. The lower extremities are especially vulnerable to swelling because gravity naturally pulls fluids downwards. The body’s circulatory and lymphatic systems typically manage this fluid, but when they’re not functioning optimally, fluid retention can occur. Your body’s inflamatory response to foot and ankle injuries, hormonal changes (pregnancy, etc.) and increased blood volume can also lead to swelling. Edema in the feet can range from a mild inconvenience to extremely distressing and debilitating. It can affect your gait pattern (the way you walk), make buying shoes that fit almost impossible, and coincide with other uncomfortable symptoms. You shouldn’t ignore foot and ankle swelling, even if you think you know the cause. This is because: It can get progressively worse It can signal a health condition you weren’t aware you had It can be a sign that a foot injury is more serious than you thought It can lead to other complications It may require prompt treatment Causes of Swollen Feet and Ankles There are numerous causes of swollen feet and ankles. Some are mild and going away over time, while others are more severe and debilitating and may require consistent assessments and check-ups with either a physician or a foot specialist, like a chiropodist or podiatrist. If you notice swelling within your feet that is new then discuss with with you physician. Common causes of foot and ankle swelling include: Injury. Sprains, fractures, and strains can cause localized swelling due to inflammation in the injured tissues. To protect yourself, check out the best ways to prevent foot injuries. Infections. Conditions like cellulitis, a bacterial skin infection, can lead to swelling, redness, and warmth in the affected area. Venous insufficiency. This is a term for damaged vein valves and in some circumstances be caused by deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or malformation in the leg veins. General venous insufficiency is common especially as we age. Poor blood flow from the legs back to the heart causes fluid buildup, leading to swelling in the lower legs and feet. Lymphedema. Blocked or damaged lymphatic vessels prevent fluid drainage, causing chronic swelling, often in one leg or foot. Heart, kidney, or liver disease. These conditions can disrupt fluid balance in the body, leading to retention in the feet and ankles. Pregnancy: Increased blood volume and pressure from the growing uterus can cause fluid accumulation, especially in the lower extremities. Prolonged standing or sitting. Sitting in one position OR standing for extended periods can cause fluid to pool in the legs and feet due to gravity. Office workers, restaurant servers, cooks, flight attendants, and more can experience mild swelling simply due to their occupation. Gout. Gout is a type of arthritis caused by high levels of uric acid in the blood, leading to the formation of urate crystals in joints. The result is intense burning pain, redness, and swelling, particularly in the big toe. Improving your diet may be able to help with flair ups. Diabetes: The top of the feet and ankles can swell due to nerve damage caused by diabetic neuropathy. Diet. High sodium diets can cause excessive swelling in the legs. Signs Your Swollen Feet and Ankles May be Serious https://www.youtube.com/shorts/dD0T2wUUFdQ Below are some coinciding symptoms that may be tell-tale sign of a health condition. As always, if anything is new, then to see your physician rather than to leave it: Burning sensation. Persistent burning in the feet along with swelling could indicate nerve damage. Redness and warmth. Swelling accompanied by redness, warmth, and tenderness may signal an infection, such as cellulitis, that needs attention. Sudden onset of swelling. Rapid or sudden swelling in one leg could indicate a blood clot or deep vein thrombosis (DVT)s. This condition requires urgent care. Pain: Severe pain along with swelling, especially after an injury, may point to a fracture or ligament damage. Swelling in one foot only: Sometimes localized issues can indicate a more severe and specific problem. Shortness of breath or chest pain. These symptoms can indicate heart or lung issues, like congestive heart failure, and requires immediate medical help. Skin Changes: Discolored, tight, or shiny skin over swollen areas may suggest lymphatic or circulatory issues needing evaluation. Red toes or dark blue skin can signify peripheral artery disease, coronary heart disease, high blood pressure and more. Persistent or worsening swelling. Swelling that doesn’t improve or worsens over time could be a sign of an underlying health condition that needs treatment. When to See a Podiatrist or Chiropodist: Treatment https://www.youtube.com/shorts/IryRcL4JPjI You should always see a physician or foot specialist if you’re experiencing discomfort in any capacity. Remember: foot issues are not “normal.” Because foot and ankle swelling is usually caused by an underlying medical condition, you should first see your family doctor. They can refer you to the appropriate specialists and run the necessary testing to determine what is causing the swelling. Your treatment options may target edema directly, or they may target the underlying health condition. Once you determine the underlying cause of the foot swelling, a foot specialist or foot clinic can provide solutions to manage and accommodate the condition, so you can live your life as comfortably as possible. Below are some services a foot clinic can offer to help foot and ankle swelling: Compression Socks Compression stockings are a great option for venous insufficiency, pregnancy, fatigue-related swelling, and sometimes even underlying health conditions like lymphadema. They reduce swelling by promoting blood flow and limiting fluid buildup in the lower extremities. A common myth is that they are clunky, noticeable medical devices that clash with your clothing, but they are actually quite fashionable and sleek. Most people will not even realize you are wearing them. You can get standard knee-high socks or even pantyhose, depending on how your activities and how you want to dress them up. You can get a prescription from a physician, and then stop by our Toronto foot clinic, where our certified fitters can measure you and help you select the best stockings for you. As compression stockings can be contraindicated for some conditions (like diabetes and periphery artery disease), it's strongly recommended that you first visit discuss compression stockings with your family doctor if you have any underlying health concerns. Orthopedic Footwear Orthopedic shoes can accommodate swelling by offering several key features designed to provide comfort and support: Adjustable straps and laces. Many orthopedic shoes come with adjustable fastenings that allow for a customizable fit, accommodating changes in foot size due to swelling. Wide toe boxes. These shoes often have a wider, more spacious toe area, which helps to prevent pressure on swollen feet and allows room for expansion. Elastic materials. Some orthopedic shoes are made with elastic or stretchable fabrics, allowing them to gently conform to the shape of the foot and adjust to fluctuations in swelling throughout the day. Extra depth. Orthopedic shoes often have a deeper design, providing more room for foot swelling and preventing tightness that could worsen discomfort. By combining these features, orthopedic shoes can help manage swelling while providing the support needed for optimal foot health. Diabetic Foot Care https://www.youtube.com/shorts/4P3UiDSFzr4 If your edema is caused by diabetic neuropathy or periphery artery disease, diabetic foot care at a foot clinic should be a part of your monthly routine. At a diabetic foot care appointment, your chiropodist will monitor your foot health. They'll examine your feet to check for sensation, circulation, and check for any potential causes for concerns - like disease progression and worsening circulation issues. Routine diabetic foot care also involves wound and nail care, diabetic foot education, and more. While these practices don’t directly target swelling, they are all interconnected and help reduce the risk of complications that can worsen swelling. Biomechanical Assessment If your swelling coincides with an injury and other chronic foot pain, a biomechanical assessment and gait analysis with a chiropodist can help. A chiropodist can then diagnose any underlying muscular or biomechanical issues that are causing or contributing to the foot pain, and make treatment recommendations like custom orthotics. Additional Swollen Foot and Ankle Treatments RICE Method The RICE method is an acronym for a popular at-home treatment routine for acute foot injuries: rest (avoiding activities that strain the foot), ice (applying cold packs to reduce swelling and pain), compression (using bandages, tape, compression socks, and more to limit swelling), and elevation (raising the foot above heart level to help drain excess fluid). If you're Treatments That Target Underlying Health Conditions When foot swelling is linked to serious underlying health conditions, treatments aim to address the root cause and prevent further complications. For example, conditions like heart failure, managing the condition with medications can help reduce fluid retention and ease swelling. In cases of kidney disease, doctors may adjust medications and recommend dietary changes to help the kidneys function more effectively, reducing the build-up of excess fluid in the body. In some lymphatic conditions, such as lymphedema, may be treated with specialized therapy, including manual lymph drainage to help encourage the movement of fluid away from the swollen areas. Compression therapy is also helpful for lymph conditions. Each treatment is tailored to the specific health condition causing the swelling, and addressing the underlying issue can significantly reduce or even prevent the recurrence of swelling. Regular monitoring and early intervention are key to managing these conditions effectively. https://youtube.com/shorts/2mS-9D7LHq4?si=bOOBryZI6ne5VrtP

November 21, 2024

Why Do Older Women Get Bunions?

Bunions can target anyone, but they are more common in older women due to factors like foot anatomy and footwear choices. Luckily, there are ways you can prevent and manage bunions to the best of your ability, especially if you work with a chiropodist or podiatrist. Let’s explore everything there is to know about bunions, including the reasons why older women are more at risk for developing bunions. https://youtube.com/shorts/sXF8lWHad0g?si=w38l2AbSdGSpctbC This article will answer: What are bunions? Who's at risk? Why are older women at risk? How do you treat bunions? How do you prevent bunions? Do I need bunion surgery? What Are Bunions? Bunions are toe deformities in which the big toe shifts towards the second toe at an angle. This causes the joint at the base of the big toe (the first metatarsophalangeal joint, or MTP joint) to protrude outwards, forming a bump that can become swollen, tender, and uncomfortable. The MTP joint bears a lot of pressure while walking or standing, which can worsen the bunion over time. As the condition progresses, people with bunions often experience pain and difficulty wearing certain shoes. Another related condition common in older women is hallux rigidus, where arthritis or stiffness affects the big toe joint, limiting its movement. Hallux rigidus may not cause the same protrusion as bunions (it's usually seen on top of the joint), but it can still lead to pain and difficulty moving the toe. Many people may think that hallux rigidus is the same as a bunion, but they are different - the scientific term for bunions is hallux (abducto) valgus. Causes of Bunions: Who's at Risk? While bunions aren't typically caused by one thing alone, there are several risk factors that contribute to the likelihood of developing bunions. All these risk factors either weaken or cause extra strain on the MTP joint. These include: Age: Bunions can start to form as young as 30, but they are commonly associated with seniors and become more debilitating and noticeable with age. Some studies suggest 1 in 3 people over the age of 65 have a pronounced bunion, many of them being women. Genetics: Bunions are partly genetic because foot shape and structure, often inherited traits, can increase the risk of developing them. People with certain foot shapes—particularly flat feet—are more prone to bunions because this structure creates imbalanced pressure on the big toe joint. Wearing ill-fitting footwear: Frequently wearing narrow, tight, or high-heeled shoes that squeeze the toes can push the big toe inward, contributing to bunion formation. Pointed, unstready high-heeled shoes with very thin heels (like stilettos) are extra risky. Having Rheumatoid arthritis: Conditions that affect joint health and increase inflammation, such as rheumatoid arthritis, can lead to bunion formation. Previous foot injuries: Tendon tears, or having broken a bone in the past, can increase risk. Why are Older Women at Risk? Senior women are more likely than other groups to experience painful bunions for a handful of reasons: Older people are more susceptible to joint-wear-and-tear and other foot conditions like osteoarthritis (which is caused by wear-and-tear on the joints, and is commonly associated with age). And pre-existing joint issues make you more prone to bunions. Many older women have a history of wearing ill-fitting shoes with cramped toe boxes and unsteady high heels for decades. Tight shoes and high heels put extra strain and pressure on the MTP joint. The collective effects of this pressure accumulate over time and, compounded with other age-related risk factors, can accelerate, contribute to or exacerbate the formation of bunions. Women may have weaker connective tissue in their feet. This will reduce the big toe's ability to withstand the force and pressure of our movement. Bunions can worsen during menopause due to hormonal changes loosening ligaments and flattening the feet, making them more vulnerable. This can also happen during pregnancy and have long-lasting effects on the feet. Menopause can also affect bone density, which can accelerate joint degeneration, weaken joints, and therefore aggravate bunions. Bunions in Older Women: Treatment If you are struggling with bunion pain, visiting a foot specialist, like a chiropodist or podiatrist, at your local foot clinic can help. There are many solutions available that target the foot pain and mobility issues associated with bunions, while decreasing pressure on the big toe joint. While bunions cannot be reversed (without surgery), by strengthening your feet and reducing pressure on the big toe, you can manage the bunion growth so that it doesn't get worse. Bunion Exercises and Stretches https://www.youtube.com/shorts/H3SogJ8FIas A chiropodist or podiatrist may suggest some bunion exercises and stretches. These are great for both prevention and treatment, mostly target the toes, are easy to memorize, and accommodate seniors. The exercises may feel awkward at first, but you’ll get used to them in no time. Here are five easy-to-learn exercises you can incorporate into your daily routine to help manage bunion discomfort: Toe Circles Grip your big toe and move it in circular motions to maintain joint mobility. Do 10 circles in each direction per foot. Toe Stretches Use your fingers to press your big toe down and hold for 30 seconds, then stretch it in the opposite direction for another 30 seconds. Repeat 5 times on each foot. Towel Grip and Pull Place a towel on the floor and use your toes to scrunch and pull it toward you. This helps strengthen the small muscles in your feet. Toe Curls and Spreads Curl your toes down tightly, hold for a few seconds, then spread them wide. Repeat this motion 10 times per foot to improve flexibility and strength. Toe Resistance Exercises View this post on Instagram A post shared by Feet First Clinic (@feetfirstclinic_) Use your fingers to apply light pressure against your big toe in various directions, pressing up, down, and sideways. Hold each for 10 seconds. Repeat 5 times on each foot. You can also wrap a resistance band around your big toes and then spread your feet apart while keeping your heels planted, as shown in the video above. Other bunion treatment options provided by a foot specialist include: Footwear recommendations: We'll get more into this later, but opt for shoes with a wide toe box that give your toes enough room. You should also look for features like cushioned insoles and good arch support to reduce pressure on the bunion. Custom orthotics: A foot specialist will assess your feet and design custom orthotic insoles tailored to your feet. Orthotics work by reducing pressure and force on the big toe joint, which will then reduce bunion pain and help prevent the bunion from getting worse. Custom orthotics for bunions provide support and help realign the foot, redistributing pressure away from the bunion. You can then put the orthotics into your footwear and go about your daily activities with less pressure on the big toe. Shockwave therapy: This treatment uses powerful acoustic pulses to reduce pain in the affected area by increasing blood flow and triggering a process that helps the body heal injured tissue. While shockwave therapy doesn't target the bunion itself, it helps with the tight muscles and ligaments around the bunion, which reduces pain and pressure on the joint. Bunion devices: These devices help realign the toes to varying degrees. Silicone toe separators are great for when you're walking around at home, whereas ultra-thin bunion aligners fit comfortably in most footwear and are great for athletic people. For more significant correction, rigid bunion splints help stabilize the joint. Therapeutic taping: A foot specialist can apply therapeutic tape to provide support, reduce pain, and help correct the alignment of the bunion, allowing for better mobility. Shoe stretching: If your shoes are too tight, professional shoe stretching can help relieve pressure on the bunion, making footwear more comfortable. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/8g43ZWreZ1g Best Bunion Prevention Tips There isn’t much you can do about your genetics or age, but you can be mindful about other lifestyle factors to manage bunion formation. Wearing the Right Footwear The best preventative measure you can take to try and avoid bunions is wearing the right shoes for your feet. You should be especially vigilant about finding shoes that are wide enough for your toes to rest comfortably and wiggle without crowding and overlapping. Ideally, your shoes need between ⅜” to ½” of space between the end of your longest toe and the front of the shoe. You can try an at-home test to see how wide your feet really are before visiting your Toronto foot clinic for a shoe fitting that will help you find the perfect fit. Toe space is the biggest factor for bunion prevention, but there are many other things to consider when finding the right shoes. Check out the best footwear for healthy feet to learn what else you should look out for. Try to avoid high heels, only wearing them for special occasions. Even then, opt for healthy heel options. Heels shouldn’t be too high or too thin—look for a block, shorter heel or wedges instead. Your shoes also shouldn’t be severely pointed and squish your toes together. Additional Bunion Prevention Tips: Regular exercise and a good fitness regimen will help keep your muscles strong. Strong muscles reduce strain on the joints, which will then make you less susceptible to joint degeneration and wear-and-tear as you age. In addition, a healthy conditioned lower body and core helps with alignment and weight-bearing, meaning your big toe won't need to work as hard when you move around. Since having a previous injury can be a risk factor, practice healthy foot injury prevention and FALL prevention. If you notice early signs of bunion formation, such as redness or swelling around the big toe joint, consult a foot specialist promptly. You should also consult a foot specialist if you have any family members with bunions, notice any issues with your alignment, have flat feet, or any other biomechanical concerns, as faulty biomechanics increase strain on the big toe joint. Excess weight can put additional pressure on your feet, increasing the risk of bunion development. Maintaining a healthy weight can help reduce this strain. Do I Need Bunion Surgery? Seniors may be more likely to seek a surgical consult after living with bunions for a longer period than young people, and trying other non-invasive treatment options with a podiatrist or chiropodist first. That said, these days there are more non-surgical treatment options than ever before and your chances of needing a surgery are still somewhat low. Surgeries are typically recommended for older women or any individual who experiences significant pain or functional limitations; surgeries are not usually performed solely for cosmetic reasons. At FeetFirstClinic you will start with a full foot assessment to determine the severity of your condition and your foot specialist will form a treatment plan with you. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/XZUfVhny5pY

October 31, 2024

5 Expert Tips to Prevent Foot Pain

Foot pain can disrupt your life and make even simple tasks challenging. Whether you’re dealing with soreness, aching arches, or general fatigue, there are several ways to prevent foot pain. So we asked the chiropodists at our Toronto foot clinic their top tips to prevent foot pain. These expert tips also work for a) preventing full-blown foot conditions that constantly flare up and affect your life; and b) preventing existing foot conditions from getting worse. From daily foot care to choosing the right footwear, these expert tips will help you maintain healthier, happier feet. 5 Expert Tips to Prevent Foot Pain Maintain Daily Foot Care Perform Light Foot Exercises and Stretches Wear the Right Footwear Consider Your Lifestyle See a Foot Specialist 1. Maintain Daily Foot Care Daily foot care plays a critical role in preventing various foot issues and ensuring long-term comfort. Begin with moisturizing your feet regularly. Dry skin on the feet can lead to cracks and calluses, which not only cause pain but can also become a breeding ground for infections. Apply a moisturizing cream or lotion designed specifically for foot care after showering, as this helps lock in moisture and keeps the skin supple. It's important to use a dedicated foot cream - not a body or facial moisturizer - as the skin on our feet is thicker and has unique needs due to the stress and weight of our movement. To get double the results with one action, amp up your at-home foot care routine with a self-performed foot massage when you moisturize. Massaging the soles of your feet and gently stretching each toe helps to release tension and boost blood flow. The arch of the foot is often noted as the “sweet spot” during a foot massage since the arch muscles are some of the hardest working in the human body. Massages can be especially beneficial if you spend long hours on your feet or wear tight shoes (but remember, you need to stop doing the latter!). If you find sore spots, spend a bit more time on those areas to ease discomfort and prevent future pain. Additionally, a soothing foot bath can go a long way in alleviating stress and enhancing your foot health. Warm water (hot water can dry out your skin) with Epsom salts can help reduce inflammation and improve circulation in the feet. For an extra boost, consider adding essential oils like lavender or eucalyptus, which offer calming and antibacterial properties. However, the most bang-for-your-buck can be found in foot bath products come from companies like Gehwol. These contain both essential oils AND medicinal ingredients, and are available at our Toronto foot clinic. 2. Perform Light Foot Exercises and Stretches https://www.youtube.com/shorts/AsuUXJYnUmQ Foot exercises and stretches are incredibly beneficial for keeping your feet limber and reducing stiffness. Incorporating gentle stretches can also help prevent foot injuries and make you less susceptible to other biomechanical conditions. Foot exercises work by maintaining flexibility and strength in the intrinsic and extensor muscles, tendons, and ligaments. Some foot exercises are self-explanatory and very straight-forward, like ankle circles and towel curls. Ankle circles are perfect for improving range of motion; simply rotate each ankle clockwise and counterclockwise. For towel curls, place a towel on the floor and use your toes to scrunch it toward you. This simple exercise works the muscles on the underside of your feet. For more specific guidance, take a look at these targeted exercises for common foot conditions: Best exercises for plantar fasciitis: These exercises focus on stretching the plantar fascia ligament, which often causes heel pain when inflamed. Best exercises for arthritis part 1 and 2: Aimed at maintaining mobility in the joints, these exercises help reduce stiffness and improve range of motion for individuals with arthritis. Best exercises for diabetes: Diabetic foot exercises promote circulation, which is crucial for managing foot health in individuals with diabetes, as they are more prone to infections and sores. Best exercises for bunions: These exercises can help strengthen the muscles around the big toe, improving alignment and reducing pressure on the bunion. Adding these exercises to your routine can be instrumental in alleviating foot pain and keeping you active. Regularly performing these stretches will not only reduce discomfort but also prevent potential injuries by keeping your feet strong and resilient. 3. Wear The Right Footwear https://www.youtube.com/shorts/xl6cE3oxDuE Many people think foot pain is a normal part of life, and that ill-fitting shoes will not cause harm in the long run. None of this is true! Wearing appropriate footwear is perhaps one of the simplest yet most effective ways to prevent foot pain. There are 4 things to consider when selecting the right shoes: support, fit, purpose, and condition. Support Your feet bear the weight of your entire body, so providing them with the right support is essential. Shoes with adequate shock absorption help cushion the impact from the pavement, hard floors and ground when you walk or run, which reduces stress on all parts of the foot. Arch support is equally important; It distributes pressure evenly across your feet, minimizing strain on specific areas. Fit Ill-fitting shoes are a major cause of foot pain and can lead to conditions such as bunions, plantar fasciitis, and even arthritis. When shoes don’t fit properly, they can restrict movement and force your feet into unnatural positions, creating pressure points and friction. To see if your shoes fit properly: Look for footwear that allows enough room for your toes to wiggle - ideally between ⅜” to ½” of space between the end of your longest toe and the front of the shoe. If you're feeling your toes knocking against the front of your shoes, they're too small. Conversely, if you're feeling your shoe moving around and sliding as you walk, they're too big. Loosen the laces if the shoes feel too tight. If that doesn't work, look for a wide-width shoe; do not go up in length to accommodate width (you'll just end up with a long narrow shoe). Always check the toe room when you're standing - not sitting. Our feet splay when we stand, which affects how the shoe fits. Activities Selecting shoes tailored to your specific needs is key. For example, runners should look for high-quality athletic shoes while people who walk or stand for long periods may benefit from shoes that have a removable insole so they can wear custom orthotics at work. Whatever your lifestyle, investing in quality footwear is one of the best foot pain tips anyone can follow. Wear-and-tear Lastly, shoes aren’t meant to last forever, even the best ones. You may need to rotate them based on seasonality, or if you think your foot size may have changed. Either way, rotate your shoes regularly to avoid the wear-and-tear that causes discomfort over time. 4. Consider Your Lifestyle https://www.youtube.com/shorts/Y9kriXz1dL4 Foot health tips only go so far if you don’t understand your lifestyle and its impact on your feet. As previously mentioned, athletes need supportive athletic shoes. These shoes are designed for activities that involve running, jumping, or quick lateral movements. Without proper footwear, athletes risk overuse injuries like shin splints, Achilles tendonitis, plantar fasciitis or stress fractures, which can be both painful and debilitating. Seniors or individuals with mobility concerns, on the other hand, may benefit from orthopaedic footwear. Orthopaedic shoes are designed to support the structure of the foot and can accommodate issues such as arthritis or diabetic neuropathy. These shoes often feature wider toe boxes, extra depth, extra cushioning, and removable insoles to ensure maximum comfort and stability. For seniors, having footwear that reduces the risk of falls is crucial in maintaining independence and mobility. Professionals who spend long hours on their feet, such as nurses, restaurant workers, or flight attendants, may need compression stockings in addition to solid footwear. The opposite is also true: office workers or anyone who works in a sedentary position can also benefit from compression stockings. Compression stockings promote blood circulation, reducing the risk of swelling and fatigue. By combining supportive shoes with compression stockings, these folks can significantly reduce foot pain that comes from standing for hours on end. By aligning your footwear choices with your daily activities, age or general lifestyle, you can not only prevent pain but also enhance your life experiences. If you find that a specific activity or aspect of your lifestyle is causing foot discomfort, consider getting a foot assessment with a chiropodist or podiatrist. At a foot assessment, you'll get expert advice to ensure you're taking the right steps to prevent foot pain. Which leads to our last tip to prevent foot pain: 5. See a Foot Specialist The best way to prevent foot pain is to be proactive. Adding a foot specialist like a chiropodist or podiatrist to your health care team is one of the best ways to do that. A chiropodist can do the following: Routine foot care: This includes medical pedicures, corns, calluses and routine nail care. All of this is done in a safe, sterilized environment so you don't need to worry about infection. A chiropodist will also trim your toenails so they don't become ingrown, and will notice any problems you may not. The best part about seeing a chiropodist for foot care is that they can give you expert advice for taking care of your feet at home. Foot & Biomechanical Assessments: A chiropodist can do a biomechanical assessment and gait analysis to diagnose any potential foot concerns that can lead to pain. For instance, a chiropodist can see if you overpronate or have flat feet. You can then get expert advice to manage it so it doesn't cause problems down the road. A chiropodist can also recommend footwear based on your foot type and gait pattern, as well as any exercises, stretches or devices that can help prevent foot pain. https://youtube.com/shorts/XZUfVhny5pY?si=VWt1aoyRtpAxQKFS

October 21, 2024

The Best Footwear for Healthy Feet: What to Look for in Shoes

Selecting the best footwear for foot health is an often overlooked part of self care. The right shoes not only get your feet from point A to B, but can also prevent various types of foot pain, like arch pain or heel pain. Better yet, solid shoe choices can shield your feet from some of the most frustrating chronic foot conditions. In this guide, we’ll walk you through the key features to look for in supportive shoes and why these elements matter for healthy feet. Arch Support Arch support is key for foot pain prevention and daily comfort. This feature helps position the foot in a healthy arch alignment so it can support your body weight more evenly. Studies show this is extra helpful for people with flat feet and high arches— essentially creating the normal arch they need. Lack of proper arch support can lead to conditions like plantar fasciitis. Arch support in shoes typically looks like a raised, curved section along the inner part of the insole. Here is an example with one of our customers who has flat feet: https://youtube.com/shorts/xl6cE3oxDuE?si=5D-XBSf2NlYVWlFr Shock Absorption Shock absorption is a must-have for athletes, long walk lovers, or those who work on their feet, like servers or construction workers. https://youtube.com/shorts/_Wz9V_ND7Og?si=qO1aBE5RjK1jU9FD It's essentially cushioning that keeps the harsh effects of the pavement, floor, trails and more from damaging your joints. This is especially important for people with conditions like arthritis or heel spurs. Supportive shoes with adequate shock absorption use materials like EVA foam or cork to cushion the foot or to redistribute pressure, thereby minimizing strain on the feet, ankles, knees, and lower back. Click here to learn more about it! Grip Is fall prevention important to you? If yes, make sure you buy non-slip shoes or shoes with a solid-grip outsole. A firm grip is vital for healthy feet because it reduces the risk of sprains or fractures. It should work on various surfaces, from slick sidewalks to gravel paths. Older people with balance issues should ensure their shoes have this crucial feature. https://youtube.com/shorts/AfuPpZv2LP4?si=371c43MRLBoloMGQ Waterproofing and Breathable Materials Waterproof shoes (such as shoes made with GORE-TEX fabric) keep your feet dry in wet conditions, reducing the risk of fungal infections and blisters. Likewise, breathable fabrics with perforation in the shoe’s upper promotes air circulation, which is a top-priority feature for many athletes at the gym. That said, choosing the right materials can make a significant difference in comfort and hygiene for everyone, not just athletes. Removable Footbeds It may seem counterintuitive to buy a shoe that has something you don’t need, but hear us out! The best footwear for foot health typically have them! Shoes with removable footbeds offer customization options for those who need orthotics or insoles from brands like Superfeet. From pregnancy to diabetes, many conditions require this shoe perk. This feature may also make it easier to keep your shoes clean, or even extend their lifespan since you aren’t using its original footbed as often. https://youtube.com/shorts/KZiVzLyBUMo?si=krALP19KEv0r6SmU

October 3, 2024

The Importance of Proper Footwear for Kids in Fall: What Parents Need to Know

Are you wondering how much you need to invest in your kids’ foot health this fall? Not sure what all the fuss is about over getting the best fall shoes for children? While it may seem like your child’s summer shoes can last a little while longer, it’s important to take their foot health needs seriously and make sure they're set up for the fall. We’ve crafted this parent's guide to kids’ shoes in the fall to help you out! Keep reading to learn the main reasons why proper footwear for kids is essential during this beloved season. 3 Reasons Why Fall Shoes For Children Are A Must They support back-to-school activities They protect feet from the elements They provide support for growing feet Support Back-to-School Activities Remember the excitement of getting a new pair of athletic shoes every year before that first day of school? Well, there’s a reason your parents did that for you! Many kids up their activity game during back-to-school season. The excitement of reuniting with friends, outdoor recess time, extracurriculars and gym class are all contributing factors to this healthy boost in physical activity. Thus, comfortable athletic shoes for children land inside the fall shoes realm. The best shoes for kids should: encourage proper gait patterns. Feature cushioning for shock absorption, which reduces stress on growing bones and joints during activities like running and jumping. Additionally, supportive footwear can prevent common foot problems such as blisters, calluses, and ankle injuries, the latter of which is a common injury for kids. It's important to ensure shoes have a snug (but not tight!) and secure fit, breathable materials, and a durable outsole for safe performance and comfort. If your child's shoes put pressure on the side of their feet, opt for wide-width shoes. https://youtube.com/shorts/l4PocLoFmSI?si=Mfu8cizx0Av5u3og Protect Feet From The Elements Shoes are always designed with seasonality in mind, and just like you need new fall boots, so do your kids. One of the reasons is the slowly declining temperatures and damp, cold conditions. While September and early October are often pleasant weather-wise in Toronto, November can bring sudden frigid air and freezing rain. Wearing the wrong shoes in this weather may cause foot problems like chilblains, or small, itchy swellings caused by poor circulation in response to the cold. Studies show it often targets teenagers. Additionally, shoes designed with weatherproof materials and proper ventilation help ward off blisters, bacteria and fungi. Lastly, fall shoes for children correlate with FALL prevention. Colder weather + rain = slippery sidewalks and even black ice formation. For these, your kids need boots with a solid grip. Provide Support For Growing Feet Did you know that children’s bone, muscle and joint growth continues until they reach their early twenties? Child foot development is both fascinating AND fast paced, so you need to keep on top of your child’s needs and assess how much their feet have grown or changed shape when the fall season rolls around. Properly fitted shoes with arch support and cushioning are crucial during growth phases to ensure healthy foot alignment and prevent long-term issues. Likewise, teaching good footwear habits during the foot development phase sets your child up for success! Wearing ill-fitting shoes now can lead to problems in their adult years, and may even cause deformities like bunions and hammertoes decades down the road. Here are our top 3 tips to make sure your child's shoes fit properly: When putting shoes on, get your kid to kick their heel back before lacing or strapping up the shoe. This puts their foot is in the proper position, with the heel in the heel cup and the arch lined up with the arch support. Then use the laces or straps to secure the foot into that position. This will ensure your kid's foot doesn't slide forward when they walk, and also allows you to properly gauge their toe room. If your kid's shoe isn't put on properly, you won't be able to determine whether it fits. Leave about 1 cm of toe room at the end of the shoe. While it's good to leave growing room, it's important not to leave too much room. Otherwise, the shoe will slip and slide around your child's foot and not be secure. And a shoe that's not secure won't provide good support. If you see a gap at the back of the shoe or the shoe moves as your child walks, go down half a size, or make sure the shoe is put on properly (see above). Use the laces to adjust the width and fit. If your child feels pressure on the sides, try loosening the laces. Don't pull the laces too tight. Instead, gently adjust them to the width of your child's feet. If the shoe still feels tight and there's enough room at the end of the shoe, look for a wide width shoe. Don't size up if there already is enough room at the end; you'll just end up with a long narrow shoe. https://youtube.com/shorts/oxAg3zgX1vA?si=KiA5eysEnkt_CzCJ

September 26, 2024

The Role of Orthotics in Supporting Foot Health and Correcting Alignment

Orthotics are supportive, custom devices designed to improve the alignment and function of the feet, ankles, and lower limbs. They aim to address specific issues like flat feet, overpronation, or arch support. This can help alleviate discomfort and prevent injuries by redistributing pressure and correcting abnormal movement patterns. Adequately fitted orthotics can significantly enhance comfort and mobility, making daily activities more manageable and pain-free. Custom orthotics can make a big difference, but how exactly do orthotics correct foot alignment? And how do they work? Let's explain. What are orthotics? Orthotics are specialized, custom-designed insoles that you place inside your shoes. They come in many forms, and are molded and constructed specific to your unique foot needs. Their main job is to support and correct the alignment of your feet, which can help address various foot and lower limb issues. They essentially promote healthy biomechanics to ensure your body moves the way it's designed to. Orthotics are custom-made specifically for your feet by a chiropodist (foot specialist). The chiropodist will do a biomechanical and gait analysis, and then take a mold of your foot (typically with a 3D digital scanner). The chiropodist then custom-designs the orthotics according to your specific needs, and a lab then constructs the orthotics according to the chiropodist's instructions. https://youtube.com/shorts/pO5oWb6S5MA?si=LKskZKFzoAaIxV6h It's important to note that while orthotics can be beneficial, they may not be suitable for everyone and can have some drawbacks, such as initial discomfort and the need for regular maintenance. Custom orthotics are more expensive than over-the-counter options, but they are an investment in your future — they may allow you to avoid more severe issues and chronic pain long-term, and can address foot concerns that over-the-counter insoles cannot. Not to mention, they are longer-lasting. How orthotics correct foot alignment? Orthotics are meant to modify how your foot moves and distributes pressure. They can help with several conditions, including: Flat feet: Orthotics can support fallen arches to maintain and prop up the natural contours of your foot. High arches: When you have high arches, excessive pressure is placed over a very small area of your foot. Orthotics help by cushioning and distributing pressure more evenly. If pressure is unevenly distributed across your feet, you're at a higher risk of overworking neighbouring parts of your foot. Overpronation: If your feet roll inward too much when you walk or run (called "overpronation), orthotics can help correct this movement. They do this by creating a barrier to your foot's inward movement, which corrects the overpronation. (Interesting fact: people with flat feet are prone to overpronation, so the treatment for the two conditions is often the same). Heel pain: Orthotics can reduce the strain on the plantar fascia and help alleviate heel pain. By correcting foot alignment, orthotics can provide significant relief from pain and prevent future issues. The feet are our body's foundation, so when your feet are moving properly, it helps the rest of our body move properly. That allows muscles and joints to work the way they were designed to without being over-stressed. This then helps reduce pain - not only in our feet, but the rest of our body too! Types of orthotics There are many different types of orthotics designed for different footwear and activities. Click here to learn more! https://youtube.com/shorts/IBXAXoUouFY?si=u9Uv6wcGhSEheI1t Benefits beyond pain relief Orthotics don't just help with pain—they can also play a proactive role in enhancing overall foot and body health. Proper alignment can lead to better posture, reduced knee and hip stress, and improved gait. Athletes often use orthotics to boost performance by optimizing foot mechanics, which then reduces the strain on the rest of their joints. How to choose the right orthotics If you're considering orthotics, here's what to keep in mind: Consult a professional: A chiropodist can help determine if you need custom orthotics through a biomechanical assessment. They can then prescribe, design and fit your orthotics based on your activities and specific foot concerns. A chiropodist may also recommend footwear and over-the-insole options to test out first before going the custom route. Consider your activities: Choose orthotics that match your lifestyle. For instance, if you're a runner, look for ones designed to absorb shock and provide stability. If you work in a setting with a formal dress code, you may want to opt for slimmer dress orthotics that will fit into your dress shoes. Look at the full picture: Orthotics alone likely won't solve all your foot concerns. They're just part of the equation. You'll also want to ensure your wearing proper footwear and maintaining an active, healthy lifestyle. If you have chronic pain or a conditions like arthritis, regular exercise and stretching is very important to build strength in your feet and ankles. Orthotics are essentially meant to supplement a healthy lifestyle - not substitute it. How to get the most out of your orthotics Once you have your orthotics, wear them regularly to see the best results. They take some time to get used to, so gradually increase the time you wear them daily. Also, remember that orthotics are just one part of foot health—maintaining a proper exercise routine and suitable footwear are equally important. To ensure the longevity of your orthotics, clean them regularly and follow any specific care instructions provided by the manufacturer or your chiropodist.

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