Different Stages of a Bunion

December 18, 2019

A bunion, medically known as hallux valgus, is characteristic of an angular bony protrusion that forms at the site of the large joint that connects your big toe to your foot.

This joint, called the first metatarsophalangeal joint (or MTP joint for short), is a critical junction of bones, tendons, and ligaments that bear much of our weight when we’re on our feet. With this deformity, the big toe slowly and gradually turns towards the lesser toes as the joint deviates from proper alignment.

This foot deformity occurs in about 10-30% of the population, affecting twice as many females than males. Bunions are caused by wearing poor-fitting shoes, faulty foot mechanics, muscle imbalances, lax ligaments, inflammatory arthritic conditions, and genetics.

Bunions can be asymptomatic, although some people may experience pain, redness, and swelling at the joint, especially with tight footwear and extended periods of standing or walking. Symptoms tend to subside with rest.

Unfortunately, a bunion is a progressive deformity and is irreversible without surgical intervention. This means they will slowly get worse over time. They are categorized in stages to determine the severity of the deformity.

Without treatment, there is a greater risk a bunion will progress from one stage to the next.

Stages of Bunions

Stage 1

Visually, a bunion at this stage is considered mild. There may be a small “bump” at the side of the 1^st MTP joint and the big toe will be slightly turned towards the second toe, although not touching it.

Stage 2

Big toe further deviates from the MTP joint. At this stage, the 1^st toe may be touching the 2^nd toe beside it.

Stage 3

The bony protrusion at the base of the big toe is significant because at this stage, the base of the 1^st toe has developed a bone spur. The 1^st toe also starts to rotate on its axis away from the mid-line of the body.

Stage 4

The 1^st MTP joint has dislocated and the 1^st toe will under ride or override the 2^nd toe. At this stage, the 2^nd toe will also present with a hammer toe deformity.

Although the only way to reverse a bunion is by surgery, it is recommended if symptoms are not manageable by conservative measures and if function is severely compromised.

Conservative bunion management includes custom foot orthotics, splints, bunions guards, toe separators, and foot exercises.

Conservative treatments help to slow down the progression of a bunion as well as manage pain.

Talk to your Chiropodist about the stage of your bunions and which conservative treatment options would be best for you!

Here’s to Many More Years of Foot Care!

At Feet First Clinic, we’re always excited to welcome new clients! After a successful 12 years of treating our amazing patients, we’re ready to continue offering only the best foot care services and products. Give us a call to ask our friendly staff any questions you may have! Our Toronto foot specialists are ready to help!

Call us at 416-769-3338 or Book Your Assessment Today!

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November 30, 2023

Discovering Perfect Footwear for Kids: A Parent’s Guide to Happy Feet

As parents, we're entrusted with our children's well-being and health. And when it comes to our little ones, growing feet deserve our attention. Selecting the right shoes for kids is critical; it's a crucial aspect of their comfort, development, and overall health. But with so many options available, choosing the perfect pair can be overwhelming. In this guide, we will walk you through the essential considerations when picking the right shoes for your little ones so they can put their best foot forward with smiles on their faces and healthy, happy feet. The importance of proper footwear for kids Proper footwear for kids is critical, as shoes can affect overall foot health and gait development. Specifically, proper footwear for children promotes the following: Healthy growth: Kids' feet are continually growing and developing. Ill-fitting or unsupportive shoes can hinder their natural growth and development. Comfort and function: Well-fitted shoes ensure your child is comfortable and can move freely. The right shoes also provide support and stability, helping prevent accidents and discomfort. Foot Health: Proper footwear plays a significant role in maintaining healthy feet, preventing issues like blisters, calluses, ingrown toenails, and even long-term problems like bunions and misaligned toes. Posture and alignment: The right shoes can promote proper posture and foot alignment, reducing the risk of developing musculoskeletal issues later in life. How do you choose footwear for kids? There are a few considerations to think about when choosing footwear for kids. Children's feet have special features, foot shape, and size that can change as they grow and age. Of course, you're helping decide for them, but you should also check in with how they're feeling and ask them how the shoes fit. Fit Ensure the shoes fit correctly. Children's feet grow rapidly, so a proper measurement each time is essential to get the right size. Leave a bit of room (about 1-2 cm) at the front to accommodate growth. The main area for growth will be in the toe box, so help your child with the fit by ensuring some room at the end of the shoe. Various studies suggest that children aged 2 to 6 years require a shoe size change every 1 to 2 months, while children aged 12 to 30 months require a shoe size change every two to three months. Foot growth slows over time, so the exact interval of new shoes may differ. The shape of the toe box is also a factor. A toe box with a broader, rounded shape follows the contour of the feet and prevents issues like blisters and ingrown toenails. Comfort and support Look for shoes with cushioning and arch support. A good insole is essential for shock absorption and maintaining healthy arches. Kids' shoes should be flexible to allow for natural foot movement. Rigid shoes can hinder healthy foot development. Material Choose shoes made from breathable materials to prevent excessive sweating and discomfort. You'll also want to have a certain degree of durability. After all, kids will be kids. Invest in shoes with high-quality materials that can stand against the daily wear and tear of being a child. Secure closure(s) Opt for shoes with adjustable and secure closures like Velcro or laces. A secure closure ensures a proper fit and prevents tripping. What are the best shoes for children? There is no one "best" shoe, as children need different shoes based on their age, gait, and a variety of other factors. However, we recommend the following shoes as good reference points to start your search: ASICS Gel-Excite: The ASICS Gel-Excite 10 Grade School features a high-quality upper to reduce irritation in the forefoot. Other benefits include toe rubber stitching and a solid rubber outsole to extend the shoe's lifespan. ASICS GT-1000 12: The GT-1000® 11 Grade School is one of the few stability shoes available for kids. This is great if your child has flat feet or overpronates. The GT-1000 also provides excellent shock absorption with a softer feel underfoot, and are designed to withstand the strains of being a kid. Saucony Peregrine 11: The Peregrine is one of Saucony's most popular all-terrain shoes, and it comes in kids sizing. The Peregrine 11 has a water-repellent mesh upper, built-in odour control and a durable outsole for serious traction. Your child will love hiking that much more with the Peregrine 11. Sorel Children's Yoot Pac Nylon Boot: The Sorel Yoot Pac is an excellent choice for winter footwear. With a waterproof nylon upper, seam-sealed construction and cozy insulation, cold weather doesn't stand a chance. The boot also comes with conveniently toggled laces. The inner liner with a sherpa collar is removable and washable. You can also support your children's footwear with a pair of inserts. Superfeet All-Purpose Support Medium Arch insoles give structured support where you need it most and help redistribute stress and strain on your entire body, not just your feet. They are designed to replace the removable liner in a wide range of footwear. Best of all, you can trim Superfeet to fit your shoe size. Four tips for buying children's shoes Below are four tips to help you get the most out of shopping for your kids. 1. Shop in the afternoon or evening Children's feet tend to swell throughout the day, so it's best to go shoe shopping in the afternoon when their feet are at their largest. That way, you leave more room without sacrificing too much of the fit. 2. Take your time Allow your child to try on different styles and sizes. It's essential that they feel comfortable and happy in their new shoes. Let them walk around the store to get a sense of the fit. 3. Listen for feedback Children can often express when a shoe feels too tight or uncomfortable. Pay close attention to their feedback during the shopping process. 4. Consider specialty stores Consider visiting a specialty shoe store if your child has unique foot needs, such as orthotics or extra-wide shoes. The experts at Feet First Clinic can help measure your kid's feet and match them with the perfect shoe.

November 27, 2023

Do You Have Wide Feet? Simple At-Home Tests to Know Your Foot Type

If you've ever struggled to find comfortable shoes, you might have wondered about your foot type. Knowing your foot shape, particularly whether you have wide feet, can be a game-changer when choosing the proper footwear. The good news is there are ways to determine your foot type at home with simple tests. It's important to note that your foot type refers to the entire shape of your foot, including your arch size (i.e.: whether you have flat feet or high arches). However, today, we're going to focus on foot width and tests to help you identify whether you have wide feet. Understanding your foot width is the first step to ensuring a comfortable and supportive fit for your feet. While these tests are not the be-all-end-all for determining whether you have wide feet (after all, shoes sizes vary from brand-to-brand), they may provide useful information: Three simple at-home tests to know whether you have wide feet The wet foot test The wet foot test is a simple DIY test that involves just a pool of water and a piece of paper. To perform a wet foot test: Fill a shallow container, like a basin or a bucket, with water. Wet the soles of both of your feet. Step onto paper or cardboard, ensuring your weight is evenly distributed. Step off and examine the wet imprint your feet left behind. Based on the shape of the imprint, you can use the following guide to determine whether you have narrow, average, or wide feet. Wide feet: If the imprint shows a wide forefoot with minimal curvature on the sides, you likely have wide feet. The width between the ball of your foot and your heel is noticeably broad. Average or standard feet: If your footprint shows a slight curve inward at the arch area, your feet are considered to have an average width. Your foot imprint can also be measured to see the exact width of your foot. Use the wet foot test to measure the width of your foot at its two widest points. Bonus tip: Do both feet. If one is wider than the other—which is common—then account for the wider of your two feet. The shoe size test The shoe size test is even simpler than the wet paper test. All you need is a current pair of shoes. Check the width size on your shoe label. Width sizes are typically marked as narrow (N), average (M or D), wide (W), or extra-wide (XW or E). As a rough guideline, a regular foot width is less than half your size. For example, if you wear a size seven shoe, a regular foot width would be ~3.5 inches. For those who are a size seven and have wide feet, expect more like 3.75-4.25 inches. For more details, see our complete guide on determining whether you have wide feet. Note: Your shoe size and your foot size are not the same. Different companies use different sizing for their shoes, so don't assume you're the same size in all shoe brands. Comfort/fit test The third test is more of a trial and error, but it is definitely the most accurate. Try on a few different pairs of shoes to determine which shoes fit best. Reflect on your experience with shoe shopping. If you frequently find shoes too tight in the forefoot, causing discomfort and sometimes requiring you to size up, this suggests you have wide(r) feet. What are the benefits of knowing your foot type? Now that you know the tests, it's important to understand why knowing your foot type is helpful. The shape and width of your feet can vary significantly from person to person. Identifying your foot type provides the following benefits: Proper footwear. No one shoe fits all. Knowing your foot type allows you to hone in on choosing shoes with the best support and comfort. Prevent discomfort. Reduce the risk of common foot issues by wearing shoes that match your foot width. Proper footwear for your foot type can help prevent discomfort, blisters, and other problems. Enhance performance. Knowing your foot type can narrow your perfect sports footwear, improving your performance and reducing the risk of injuries. Reduce foot and toe pain. If you have pre-existing foot conditions or pain, such as bunions or plantar fasciitis, understanding your foot type - specifically whether you have flat feet, normal arches or high arches, can help you find shoes that alleviate discomfort. With wider feet, opt for a shoe with a wider toe box for added room. Brands such as APEX, ASICS, Saucony, Anodyne and Clarks are known to have wider footwear options.

November 23, 2023

Why Are My Feet Swollen? Unraveling the Causes and Solutions

Swollen feet (edema) can become a concerning foot health problem if you don’t explore ways to manage them. That said, many folks are left in the dark as to why their feet are swelling in the first place. Knowing the causes of swollen feet is the first step towards treatment, and learning solutions and contacting your chiropodist for help is the second step! Causes of Swollen Feet Prolonged standing and sitting Pregnancy Weight gain Diabetes Warm weather Aging Image Credit: iStock Prolonged Standing and Sitting When you stand or sit for extended periods, blood can pool in your lower extremities, especially if your veins are not functioning properly. This can lead to fluid retention and swollen feet and ankles. Pregnancy According to Mayo Clinic, your body retains more fluid during pregnancy and your hormones are thrown out of whack, which both contribute to swollen feet. A growing uterus can also affect your vein and circulation efficiency, causing edema. Image Credit: iStock Weight Gain Weight gain can lead to swollen feet because the additional body weight puts increased pressure on your veins. This pressure can hinder the blood flow back to the heart, causing blood and other fluids to pool in the lower extremities. Diabetes Diabetes can wreak havoc on your feet in many ways. When it comes to swelling, high glucose levels can thicken the arteries, which causes them to lose their elasticity. This impairs blood flow to the feet, causing severe fluid retention. Warm Weather Sometimes the humidity we experience in the summer or during a vacation can cause mild foot swelling. This is called heat edema. It occurs when high temperatures cause the blood vessels to expand, which rapidly moves body fluid downward towards the feet. Aging Unfortunately, our ability to properly circulate blood throughout our bodies lessens as we age. Like diabetes patients, the arteries can lose their elasticity and efficiency. Other risk factors affecting older people include: age-related hormonal changes, mobility problems that encourage a sedentary lifestyle, and medications that cause side effects like swollen feet. Image Credit: iStock Solutions for Swollen Feet Orthopedic Shoes: Many shoes are designed with foot comfort in mind, but orthopedic shoes take it to new heights. They often come with adjustable closures and other features that accommodate swollen feet and prevent foot pain, like extra depth and wide toe boxes. Compression Stockings: From pregnant women, to people who stand at work all day, to those who spend a lot of time cooped up in airplanes — compression stockings can help prevent associated foot swelling. Studies show that calf-length compression stockings with a pressure range between 11 and 21 mmHg are the way to go, but this can vary depending on your needs. Please note compression stockings are not recommended for diabetes patients. Foot Care / Movement: Make sure you get enough movement in your daily life (taking into account disability and mobility troubles, of course!). There are plenty low-impact exercises and stretches that can go a long way for those with a sedentary lifestyle. To fight swelling feet, try exercises that rotate the ankles and move your toes. They may be able to get your muscles pumping and enhance circulation. Light walking can also aid swelling feet. Diet Changes: Eat nutrient-dense foods low in sugar and salt, and stick to small portions to lose weight. Shedding excess weight can have a direct, positive impact on your swollen feet. Check out the best foods to eat for your foot health. Nude and black compression stockings. Image Credit: iStock

November 13, 2023

Top of Foot Pain: Exercises and Stretches for Relief and Prevention

Stretches for foot pain on the top of the foot can go a long way for people with osteoarthritis, gout, extensor tendinopathy and tendonitis, bunions, problems with the bones of the foot (stress fractures) and more. Exercises for top of the foot pain will target the extensor tendons that run down along the top of foot with many of the stretches focusing on toe movement. Let’s explore the top exercises and stretches for the prevention of foot pain, and ultimately, foot pain relief! Exercises for Pain on the Top of your Foot Toe Flex and Raise Towel Scrunches Toe Splay Great Toe Extension Stretch Top of the Foot Stretch Photo by FreePik Toe Flex and Raise This exercise works the tibialis anterior, a large muscle on the front of your leg that can have an impact on top of the foot pain. As a bonus, it can help strengthen your ankles and treat plantar fasciitis. While standing, flex your toes high up towards the sky. Move forward so you are on your tiptoes. Lower yourself back slowly. Repeat the movement 15 times. Click here to see a Feet First Clinic demonstration! Towel Scrunches This exercise, also called toe curls, is all about keeping the top of your feet and toes strong. You’ll need a towel or blanket (or any fabric you can pick up with your toes). Stand up with your feet flat on a piece of material and keep your heels anchored to the floor. You can also sit on a chair as long as you can do the same movements with your feet. Scrunch your toes while grasping the material, pulling it towards you, almost like you are trying to pick it up with your toes. Make sure your heels stay firmly planted on the floor as you do this. Try the movements 15 times each, or more if you’re comfortable. You can also try two feet at the same time, or alternate. Click here to see a Feet First Clinic demonstration! Photo by iStock Toe Splay This is one of the top exercises for improved mobility, and also one of the easiest to perform! Sit down on a chair with your back straight and feet resting flat on the floor. Spread your toes apart (without touching them) and hold the position for five seconds. Repeat 10 times. Refer to Healthline for a demonstration of this exercise! Great Toe Extension Stretch This is a great exercise for arthritis, which often plagues the top of the foot with aches and pains. While sitting on a chair, place the foot experiencing pain on the top of your other knee. If both feet are painful you can alternate. While firmly holding your heel with one hand, use the other to pull your big toe back towards your ankle. Wait until you can feel the stretch in the bottom of the foot (don’t worry, it still helps the top of the foot too!). Repeat two to four times. Switch feet and repeat. MyHealth Alberta provides an excellent image reference for this exercise! Top of the Foot Stretch Given its name, this stretch is pretty straight forward in terms of how it can help your top of the foot pain, but it may also help with shin pain. This stretch has different variations but we’ll keep it as simple as possible. Sit at the very edge of a chair. Extend one of your feet back with the top of the foot facing the floor and the knee pointing downward. Gently press the top of the foot and toes against the floor until you feel the stretch working. Repeat this movement ten times or less if you need and alternate between feet. Refer to Athletico for a demonstration of this exercise! Photo by iStock

October 30, 2023

Orthopedic Shoes in 2023: Benefits, Selection, and Advice

Sometimes your foot health depends on orthopedic shoes. For people with bunions, hammertoes, flat feet, arthritis, and other foot deformities, orthopedic footwear can make the difference between a painful day and a day where you can manage simple activities. Let’s take a look at the benefits of orthopedic shoes, the best practice for selecting orthopedic shoes, and how to use them. Photo by iStock Benefits of Orthopedic Shoes Orthopedic shoes come with a wide array of qualities that promote foot health and tackle foot conditions. Here are some of the most notable: Studies show that orthopedic footwear can improve the ability to maintain continuous walking in people with chronic foot and ankle injuries. Many patients report their foot pain diminished after using orthopedic shoes for 1-2 years. Orthopedic shoes can help you manage bunions so they don’t get worse and require surgery later. They can help with proper foot alignment for people with plantar fasciitis and flat feet. They usually provide extra heel cushioning and arch support. To accommodate wide feet, orthopedic shoes often come with features like adjustable straps, extra wide toe boxes, and flexible fabric. Photo by iStock Selecting Orthopedic Shoes Since choosing orthopedic shoes can be difficult, you should schedule a foot assessment with your chiropodist who will then prescribe orthopedic footwear. That said, here are three of the most important tips for finding the right orthopedic shoes for you: Since your foot size can over time, especially with age, you should always triple check that your shoes fit snugly. Make sure your new shoes are designed to best support your specific concern. For example, shoes with adjustable straps are good for wide bunions. Consider your lifestyle and daily needs. Search for orthopedic sneakers if you’re trying to be more active, or orthopedic dress shoes if you need something for work. Ensure any accessories like socks or custom orthotics fit properly with your shoes. Usage of Orthopedic Shoes You should use orthopedic shoes for activities they are designed for. For instance, if you have orthopedic dress shoes, use them for work and special occasions. Furthermore, after wearing your shoes for some time, schedule a check up with your chiropodist so they can assess your progress and make any necessary adjustments or recommendations. Photo by iStock

October 26, 2023

Stylish and Comfy: Your Ultimate Guide to Wide Shoes for Fall 2023

Do you need wide shoes for fall? If you have bunions, hammertoes or another condition, or you’re getting older or experiencing a life changing event like pregnancy, your feet can change in size and often become wider. That’s why it’s important to measure your feet or attend a proper shoe fitting and update your shoe size — don’t just assume you were the size you were when you were a teen or young adult! Luckily, fall footwear trends are considering people with wide feet and there are several comfortable shoes and fashionable footwear choices available this fall season! Let’s explore your top options. And don't forget to keep reading (you'll find some tips for finding wide shoes at the end!). APEX Sierra Trail Runner For both your adventure and wide shoe needs, the APEX Sierra Trail Runner has men and women covered. It has a high, wide toe box and provides increased stability control for those who overpronate, or in other words, those with flat feet who walk with their arch collapsing downward or inward. Overpronation can put avid hikers at serious risk of sustaining a foot injury. Other features for this shoe include a rubber outsole for traction on slippery surfaces, a breathable open air mesh and leather upper, and 5/16” removable depth in two layers for fitting flexibility. APEX Sierra Trail Runner for men. Source: APEX Clarks Wave Range AP This wide shoe is designed with weatherproofing materials, making it a waterproof shoe which is highly valuable during the fall months. Like the APEX trail runner, it’s designed for excursions and exploring. It also features smart WaveWalk technology (rocker sole) which uses a heel kicker to ensure smooth forward motions and a concave heel for excellent shock absorption to prevent the impact of the ground from damaging your joints. Clarks Wave Range for women. Source: Clarks Clarks Wave 2.0 For strolling around the city on brisk fall days, the lightweight yet sturdy and protective Wave 2 gives you the pedestrian power you need. The waterproof dark brown oil leather and textile upper keeps your feet dry and safe from the cold rain, and the removable footbed absorbs impact and shock, but also allows you to replace it with prescribed orthotics. Other notable features include the EVA midsole, and the internal full-grain leather sock that provides extra comfort. Clarks Wave 2.0 for men. Source: Clarks Anodyne No. 55 and No. 56 The Anodyne 55 (for women) and 56 (for men) trail boots keep your feet from feeling fatigued during hiking adventures. They are also intentionally designed to accommodate widening issues like swelling, bunions, hammertoes, and more. Compared to standard shoes, Anodyne trail shoes run half a size to a full size bigger. Other features include a protective toe box and easy-to-use hook and loop closure. Anodyne No. 55. Source: Anodyne Tips for Finding Wide Shoes Get a Shoe Fitting: Get fitted by a professional at a foot clinic. Your feet might not be the same size, and the width can vary too. Sizes also vary from brand-to-brand, so don't just go by measurements. Understand Shoe Sizing: Shoe width is indicated by letters. For instance, "W" may indicate wide, and "N" may indicate narrow for the same shoe style (this may vary so double check). Don't accidentally buy a narrow version of a shoe! Adjustable Features: Look for shoes with adjustable features like straps, laces, or buckles. These allow you to customize the fit according to the width of your feet. Consider Materials: Choose shoes made with soft, flexible materials that can stretch a bit to accommodate wider feet. Visit Your Chiropodist: They can offer personalized advice and might be able to recommend specific shoes.

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