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July 16, 2026
If you've experienced foot pain for some time or have a trauma injury, surgery has likely come to mind.
Surgery is a treatment of injuries or disorders of the body by incision or manipulation. Surgery is quite common for foot injuries and is done as a restorative measure.
Because of its invasive nature, considering the positives and negatives of surgery is important. You should not only weigh the direct impact of surgery but also the long-term effects.
There are several factors to consider when deciding on foot surgery:
Necessity
Success rate
Cost
Recovery time
Long-term effectiveness
With these in mind, you should take into account the positives and negatives of both. Does the recovery time justify getting surgery, for example? How about the long-term effectiveness of the surgery?
Below, we get into the case for, and against, foot surgery.
When is Foot Surgery Necessary?
Some foot conditions require surgery. You should explore all non-surgical options and physical therapy before foot surgery.
Certain foot conditions are progressive and are unlikely to get better without surgery. In these instances, one can consider surgery to improve their quality of life. A few examples of progressive foot conditions include severe bunions, rigid hammertoes, advanced arthritis (hallux rigidus). However, long before surgery is even considered, there are several conservative treatments that can slow down the progress and relieve pain.
That doesn't mean you can't live comfortably with the condition. Investing in proper shoes, doing physical therapy, and avoiding certain activities may relieve pain.
In the instance of hallux rigidus, you can maintain a high quality of life through physical therapy, proper orthotics, avoiding high-impact exercise, and working on flexibility. It's important to work on maintaining the range of motion in the toe. You can't get back more flexibility, but you can work to maintain the flexibility that you have. The bone spur will only continue to grow over time if excessive force or impact is placed upon the joint. However, since the osteoarthritis that breaks down the cartilage won't be able to recover, the resulting bone spur will likely grow over time, further limiting the range of motion.
Some people opt for a cheilectomy, which is an incision along the top of the toe to shave down a Bone Spur. In other cases, people opt for a fusion, which connects the first metatarsal with the phalanx. The connecting of the two bones fuses the area of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTP joints).
For those with a bunion, you'll want to explore all non-invasive measures before deciding on surgery. If you have explored all options, surgery may be an option. Typically, those who experience significant pain, have severe toe deformities, and have chronic inflammation are the likely candidates for surgery. Bunion surgery (of which there are a few) can include several correct measures:
Realigning the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint at the base of the big toe.
Pain relief.
Correcting the deformity of the bones, especially if your big toe is drifting inwards towards your second metatarsal.
Another example is rigid hammertoes. When the toes start to drift, grip or claw because of excessive misalignment of the big toe (bunion) or the entire foot itself (flat feet). It is always imperative to start with conservative treatment options such as silicone toe crutches, orthotics, metatarsal pads, and wearing the proper sized shoes width and length. If pain persists and the hammer toes progress and further deviate, then surgery is recommended. For flexible hammertoes, the most common surgery is Tendon lengthening which releases the pull under the toe. For more rigid hammertoes, joint resection is recommended, which is the removal of the end of the bone to allow for more range of motion. If the joints have too much arthritis, joint fusion is recommended to fuse the bones together and create a straight toe.
When is Foot Surgery Not Necessary?
Generally, you can treat foot conditions without operational procedures. The body is incredibly resilient when it comes to injuries, and many foot conditions can be treated with a proper plan.
Surgery is usually seen as a last resort because there is significant rest needed afterwards, the occasional complication, and sometimes nerve damage. Surgery can also be expensive if it's not covered under provincial or private insurance. Finally, surgery might fix the obvious problem, but may not solve the underlying issue. This means that the foot condition may return in the future.
For the examples mentioned above - hallux rigidus, bunions, and hammertoes - all have recommended treatment options that don't involve surgery. Working with a foot professional to determine the underlying cause, like a muscle imbalance, for example, can help treat the resulting condition, and can be better for your body in the long run. This can be done through a foot assessment by a chiropodist, complete with a biomechanical and gait analysis.
Surgery also can take weeks, if not months to recover from. Make sure to incorporate several weeks of recovery into the discussion when considering foot surgery. Recovery time may otherwise be used to build a habit of incorporating physical therapy into your routine. Consider the opportunity cost of the severity of the surgery as well as the recovery time.
For most foot conditions, there are a number of treatment options you should consider including:
Rest
Icing/compression
Strength-training
Custom orthotics
Proper footwear
Physiotherapy
Over-the-counter footwear products like Bunion Aligners
Any number of these treatment options may be able to provide the relief you need. Remember, you might not see results right away. In some cases, incorporating these treatments may take weeks, if not months, to result in meaningful change. However, those habits will continue to benefit you for the rest of your life.
There's no hard and fast rule for in cases for and against surgery. Always consult a medical professional when deciding upon the best course of action, and see if foot surgery is recommended.
June 18, 2026
Your legs are involved in every aspect of movement. They're the foundation of your body, and act as shock absorbers. Our reliance on our legs cannot be overstated. It's crucial we take proper leg and foot pain management to avoid common foot conditions.
Overwhelmingly, there are some common foot conditions that are more prevalent than others. These are either injuries or conditions that a large portion of the population experiences once, or repeatedly. To put you on the right track, we've rounded up 10 common foot conditions. Note that these are listed in no particular order.
1. Bunions
A bunion is perhaps the widest known foot condition. A bunion is an enlargement on the outside of the big toe. The enlargement can be a bony outgrowth, or a shift in your big toe. Often the base of the metatarsal shifts outwards (meaning your toe points inwards), and a bunion results because of the deformity.
You may develop bunions through any of the following reasons:
Your foot is shaped in a way that makes you more likely to have bunions
Your foot rolls overly inwards when you walk
Flat feet
Tight footwear
Fortunately, a physical therapy regimen, over-the-counter products, and proper footwear enables you to live with bunions without surgery.
2. Athlete's Foot
Athlete's foot is a contagious fungal skin infection that affects the skin on soles of feet and between toes. The fungi that causes athlete's foot is commonly found in moist places, like shared showers and locker rooms.
Athlete’s foot typically presents as a translucent white moist skin between the toes on one or both feet. To treat the condition, you can use over-the-counter products including medicated creams, ointments, sprays, and powders. If over-the-counter products don't work, then you will need prescription anti-fungal creams and sprays. The sooner you start treatment, the better the outcome, so it's important to be vigilant and seek treatment at the first signs of infection before it spreads.
3. Ingrown Toenails
An Ingrown Toenail occurs when the nail begins to grow into the skin. In mild cases, you may be able to treat ingrown toenails yourself. However, this can also make the ingrown toenail worse. Unless your ingrown toenail is in the early mild stages, it's usually best to consult a chiropodist for treatment.
Typically, wearing tight shoes, cutting your nails too short, or not across, and injuring your toenail can cause an ingrown toenail. Home remedies include soaking your feet in warm water, wearing proper footwear, taking anti-inflammatories, and placing dental floss under the edge of the toenail.
If the ingrown toenail is serious, surgery is performed. The surgery consists of numbing the toe with a local anaesthetic, then removing either one side of the whole toenail down to the matrix, and finally, applying a chemical to the nail root to prevent regrowth. Fortunately, a chiropodist can treat most ingrown toenails non-surgically simply by removing the ingrown portion of the toenail and then trimming and filing the toenails to encourage healthy nail growth.
4. Black Toenails
Black toenails may be rare to the majority of the population, but are common among runners. The repeated nature of running puts your toenails at risk due to impact and friction. Typically, black toenails result from a blister and bleeding underneath the toenail. The most common cause is tight footwear, and from undulating terrain as downhill running adds pressure on your toes.
You might also get a black toenail because of trauma to the toe. Occasionally, a black toenail will fall off.
Here's everything you need to know about black toenails including treatment and prevention.
5. Plantar Fasciitis
Plantar fasciitis can be a real pain...in the heel.
This foot condition involves inflammation of a thick band of tissue that connects your heel with your toes - the plantar fascia. Plantar fasciitis can cause sharp pain in the heel, especially in the morning.
Runners are especially prone to plantar fasciitis because of the repeated stress to the plantar fascia. Common treatment and preventative measures include self-massage with a golf ball, anti-inflammatories, and if necessary, custom orthotics.
6. Nail Fungus
The toes are particularly susceptible to nail fungus because fungi thrive in dark, moist places. Since many of us wear shoes for hours every day, one can understand how nail fungus comes about.
Common symptoms of nail fungus include yellowing and thickening of the toenail, brittleness, and sometimes an unpleasant odour. For early or mild cases of nail fungus, you can use a topical antifungal cream. Over-the-counter solutions do not typically work for toenail fungus as the nail blocks medication from penetrating the nailbed. Therefore, it's recommended to see a chiropodist for treatment at the first sight of symptoms.
To prevent nail fungus, wash and dry your feet regularly, don't share nail clippers, avoid being barefoot in public facilities, and keep your toenails short, but not too short.
7. Bone Spurs
Bone spurs are bony outgrowths, typically in areas prone to osteoarthritis. The most common forms of bone spurs in the foot include heel spurs, and a bone spur on top of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTJ). The latter is a common spot. Stiffness and arthritis in the big toe leads to a condition known as hallux rigidus.
Bone spurs inherently reduce flexibility and can be quite painful. With treatment including proper footwear, people can live normally with bone spurs without needing surgery. You should note that bone spurs are progressive meaning there's no reversal of impact and damage done.
8. Corns
Corns are like calluses, except that corns can be painful. A corn is an area of hardened skin that develops on areas of the feet that sustain too much compression.
A corn has a few hot spots: between your toes, the outer edge of your little toe, and on top of the toes.
Corns are removable. A chiropodist can safely remove the build-up of hardened skin and assess whether Orthopedic Shoes or Custom Orthotics may be indicated to prevent their recurrence. In severe cases, recurring corns can also be surgically removed by biopsy punch.
9. Blisters
Blisters are more of an annoyance than anything. This minor foot condition occurs when the skin is aggravated. Because of this friction, a small fluid-filled bubble on the skin forms.
Fortunately, most blisters heal on their own. To ensure there are no complications, you can cover the blister with an adhesive bandage or blister pad. Common tricks to avoid blisters include using baby powder for sweaty feet, proper moisture-wicking socks, and wearing shoes that fit.
10. Gout
Gout affects roughly 3 million Canadians each year.
This condition is a form of arthritis that can develop rapidly. The painful condition involves swelling and tenderness of joints. Gout is most common at the base of the big toe.
According to the Mayo Clinic, "gout occurs when urate crystals accumulate in your joint, causing the inflammation and intense pain of a gout attack. Urate crystals can form when you have high levels of uric acid in your blood." Foods that can lead to high levels of urate are red meats, seafood, refined or processed carbohydrates, sugary drinks and alcohol such as beer and hard liquor.
June 4, 2026
Our legs are a complex and intricate system of bones, joints, and muscles. Everything is interconnected in some way.
Muscles and joints rely on each other to perform properly, and to provide the necessary foundation for our body. Our habits, genetics, and environment all affect our feet. With so many different possibilities for foot conditions to arise, it's important to remember that correlation is not causation.
Just because we do one thing, does not necessarily mean it causes another. To help clear the air over a sample of common foot myths, we decided to debunk a few of them below.
1. Flat feet are bad
About 30% of the population lives with flat feet.
Flat feet are defined as a postural deformity in which the arches of the foot collapse. As a result, the entire foot makes contact with the ground. The foot is characterized by a very low arch, and can other foot conditions because of the leg's compensation.
Flat feet can develop in one foot, or both, depending on your body's development.
According to Harvard Medical School, even in adulthood, 15% to 25% of people have flexible flatfeet. Most of these people never develop symptoms. For those with what's called rigid flat feet, several measures can be taken to reduce pain and live comfortably with flat feet. These include:
Custom orthotics that artificially raise the arch and provide support
Strengthen and stretch your calf as this reduces the pressure and load on your arches
Supplement some high-impact exercise with low-impact activities like swimming, cycling, or spinning
Wearing slippers or supportive footwear inside instead of walking around barefoot
Proper fitting footwear with motion control and stability
Foot strengthening and exercises
2. Wearing heels causes all of women's foot problems
Additionally, a common misconception is that high heels cause bunions. This isn't true. Heels aggravate bunions but are likely not the cause.
However, excessive heel usage can result in a few common foot conditions: Corns, Hammertoe, Calluses and Haglund's deformities (called the "pump bump"). Additionally, you're at a greater risk of osteoarthritis since you may lose fat under your foot.
According to WebMD, you can prevent certain foot conditions while continuing to wear heels. Some of these preventative measures include:
Get the well-fitted high heel
Use silicone metatarsal pads for under your feet
Wear a thicker heel for stability
Pay attention to the "slope" or "pitch" of the heel
Wear open-toe high heels to relieve pressure on corns and calluses
Wear heels that are no more than 2" high
3. A bunion is just a bump
A bunion may look like just a bump. However, that's another in the list of foot myths. If only it were that simple...
Depending on the cause, your habits may worsen the condition. Maybe you wear shoes with a narrow toebox. Without correction, bunions can get a lot worse over time, turning just a bump into severe pain.
A Bunion, or hallux valgus, is a bony protrusion that forms at the site of the large joint that connects your big toe to your foot. As you can expect, without addressing the cause of bunions, the toe angle's alignment can sharpen, causing a larger bump.
It should be noted that bunions can be hereditary, in which case you might be doing everything right. Hereditary bunions are linked to inheriting foot structures such as flat feet or faulty bone mechanics rather than inheriting the bunion structure itself. Inherited conditions such as hypermobility or shortened Achilles tendons can largely increase the risk of developing a bunion. In this instance, continue to practice proper foot habits like:
Footwear modification, i.e., avoiding tight shoes with a narrow or stiff toe box.
Anti-inflammatory medications
Bunion splints
Bunion aligner
Therapeutic taping
Supportive insoles or custom orthotics
Anti-inflammatory gels (but not NSAID oral medication)
You should consult a foot specialist to see whether or not action needs to be taken.
4. Foot pain is the result of getting old
Reword the first paragraph: Foot conditions, such as osteoarthritis, are common as we age. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease caused by the breakdown of joint cartilage and changes in the bone structure causing joint pain, stiffness and reduced mobility.
However, osteoarthritis can occur at any age. Individuals who train or play high level or high impact sports may experience osteoarthritis even as early as their 20s. The most common areas for osteoarthritis include the big toe joint, knees and hips.
Osteoarthritis is a progressive and degenerative disease meaning that the damage is irreversible. Physical therapy can aid in providing strength to the muscles surrounding the affected joint and can alleviate pain. Common treatments include functional stretches and movement exercises and managing symptoms with proper support or bracing.
5. Surgery will fix foot problems
Surgery can help fix certain foot conditions, but non-invasive options may work equally well, if not be more effective.
There are several factors to consider when deciding on foot surgery:
Necessity
Success rate
Cost
Recovery time
Long-term effectiveness
Certain progressive conditions like hallux rigidus, bunions, and a ruptured Achilles may require surgery to correct the inherent problem. However, physical therapy can also improve quality of life. Proper orthotics, avoiding high-impact exercise, proper footwear, and strengthening can help limit pain associated with certain foot conditions.
However, surgery removes the bone portion of the injury. For those with Hallux Rigidus, the Bone Spur contributes to the toe's stiffness. The range of motion won't improve without surgery. Although, the worsening of the condition can be slowed with physical therapy as mentioned above.
For those with a Bunion, you’ll want to explore All Non-Invasive Measures before deciding on surgery. If you have explored all options, surgery may be an option. Typically, those who experience significant pain, have severe toe deformities, and have chronic inflammation are the likely candidates for surgery. Bunion surgery (of which there are a few) can include several correct measures:
Realigning the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint at the base of the big toe.
Pain relief.
Correcting the deformity of the bones, especially if your big toe is drifting inwards towards your second metatarsal.
If you're unsure about foot conditions, toenail conditions, or skin conditions, contact us at Feet First Clinic to set up an appointment. You can do that below, or by Contacting Us Here!
April 16, 2026
Toe spacers are everywhere right now—from physiotherapy clinics to fitness influencers promoting “natural foot alignment.” But do toe spacers actually work, or are they just another trend?
The short answer: yes, but with the right expectations. Let’s break down what toe spacers do, who they help, and how to use them effectively.
What Are Toe Spacers?
Toe spacers (also called toe separators or toe aligners) are small devices placed between your toes to gently spread them apart. Most are made from silicone or gel and come in various sizes and designs, from simple separators to full forefoot alignment tools.
They’re designed to reverse the effects of:
Tight, narrow footwear
Prolonged standing or walking
Muscle imbalances in the feet
Progressive toe deformities
Over time, these factors can cause your toes to crowd, overlap, or shift out of their natural position.
Do Toe Spacers Actually Work?
Yes—but with realistic expectations.
Toe spacers work by gradually encouraging your toes back toward their natural alignment. This can reduce pressure, improve muscle activation, and enhance overall foot function.
Benefits of Toe Spacers
When used consistently, toe spacers can:
Relieve pressure and painSeparating the toes reduces friction and pressure points, especially between overlapping toes.
Improve toe alignment (to a degree)They can help slow progression and mildly correct early deformities.
Support bunion managementBy spacing the big toe away from the second toe, they reduce stress on the joint.
Enhance foot muscle engagementToe spacers allow intrinsic foot muscles to activate more naturally during movement.
Improve balance and stabilityA wider toe splay increases your base of support.
What Toe Spacers Cannot Do
This is where expectations matter most.
Toe spacers cannot:
Permanently reverse advanced bunions or rigid hammertoes
Replace custom orthotics when biomechanical issues are present
Deliver instant or dramatic structural changes
Think of them as a supportive tool, not a cure.
Conditions That Benefit Most from Toe Spacers
Toe spacers are most effective in early or mild cases of:
Bunions (hallux valgus)
Hammertoes and claw toes
Overlapping or crowded toes
Forefoot pain (metatarsalgia)
Corns and calluses caused by friction
They’re also popular among runners and gym-goers looking to improve foot strength and alignment.
How to Use Toe Spacers for Best Results
Using toe spacers properly makes a big difference in outcomes.
1. Start Gradually
Begin with 10–15 minutes per day, especially if your toes are stiff or sensitive. Increase wear time slowly as your feet adapt.
2. Wear Them in the Right Setting
Barefoot at home
With wide, foot-shaped shoes
Avoid tight footwear, which cancels out the benefit
3. Be Consistent
Like stretching, results come with daily, long-term use—not occasional wear.
4. Combine with Foot Exercises
Toe spacers work best alongside strengthening and mobility work, such as:
Toe splaying exercises
Towel scrunches
Calf and plantar fascia stretches
5. Listen to Your Body
Mild discomfort is normal at first, but pain is not. If something feels off, reduce wear time or reassess fit.
Are Toe Spacers Safe?
For most people, yes. However, there are a few precautions.
Use caution if you have:
Diabetes
Poor circulation
Nerve damage (neuropathy)
Open wounds or skin irritation
In these cases, it’s best to consult a foot specialist before use.
How Long Does It Take to See Results?
Results vary depending on the individual and condition severity.
Short-term (days to weeks): Pain relief and reduced pressure
Medium-term (weeks to months): Improved flexibility and toe mobility
Long-term (months+): Subtle alignment improvements and better foot function
Consistency is everything—think of it as retraining your feet over time.
Are Toe Spacers Worth It?
If you’re dealing with mild toe misalignment or foot discomfort, toe spacers are a low-risk, affordable, and effective tool.
However, if your condition is more advanced or painful, they should be part of a broader treatment plan that may include:
Custom orthotics
Footwear changes
Professional foot care
In some cases, minor procedures
The Bottom Line
Toe spacers do work—but they work best as part of a consistent foot care routine. They can relieve pain, improve toe positioning, and support healthier foot mechanics over time.
The key is using them properly, staying consistent, and understanding their limitations.
January 22, 2026
A bunion, medically known as hallux abducto valgus, is an angular bony protrusion that forms at the base of the joint that connects your big toe to your foot.
This joint, called the first metatarsophalangeal joint (or MTP joint for short), is a critical junction of bones, tendons, and ligaments that bear much of our weight when we’re on our feet. With bunions, the joint deviates its proper alignment, which causes the big toe to slowly and gradually turns towards the smaller toes.
This foot deformity occurs in about 10-30% of the population, affecting twice as many females as males. Bunions are caused or contributed to by wearing poor-fitting shoes, faulty foot mechanics, muscle imbalances, lax ligaments, inflammatory arthritic conditions, and genetics.
Bunions can be asymptomatic, although some people may experience pain, redness, and swelling at the joint, especially with tight footwear and extended periods of standing or walking. Symptoms may lessen with rest, biomechanical correction, and improved footwear choices.
Unfortunately, a bunion is a progressive deformity and is irreversible without surgical intervention. This means they will slowly get worse over time. However, addressing underlying biomechanical factors may help slow its progression and reduce symptoms.
Stages of Bunions
Bunions are categorized in stages to determine the severity of the deformity.
Without treatment, there is a greater risk a bunion will progress from one stage to the next.
Stage 1
Visually, a bunion at this stage is considered mild. There may be a small “bump” at the side of the 1st MTP joint and the big toe will be slightly turned towards the second toe, although not touching it.
Stage 2
The big toe further deviates from the MTP joint. At this stage, the first toe may be touching the second toe beside it.
Stage 3
At this stage, the base of the first toe develops a bone spur. This makes the bony protrusion more significant. The first toe also starts to rotate on its axis away from the mid-line of the body.
Stage 4
At stage 4, the first MTP joint has dislocated and the first toe will cross over or under toe. At this stage, the second toe will also present with a hammer toe deformity.
Managing Bunions
Although the only way to reverse a bunion is by surgery, it is only recommended if symptoms are not manageable by conservative measures and if function is severely compromised. Regardless of whether or not surgery is done, non-surgical treatment must be done, otherwise the bunion will reoccur.
Conservative treatments help to slow down the progression of a bunion as well as manage pain. It includes custom foot orthotics, splints, bunions guards, toe separators, and foot exercises.
Talk to your Chiropodist about the stage of your bunions and which conservative treatment options would be best for you!
December 11, 2025
Our feet are pretty amazing structures.
With over 52 bones, over 250,000 glands and nerves, they're certainly a complex parts of our bodies, and so they deserve a dedicated specialist to keep them in peak condition. How exactly do these specialists work? And why might you need to see one? Read on and find out.
What's A Chiropodist?
A Chiropodist (pronounced "kerr-op-o-dist") works to support the prevention and management of acute and chronic conditions that affect our feet and lower limbs. Think: skin conditions like warts and calluses, nail conditions like ingrowns or fungus, and musculoskeletal conditions like Plantar Fasciitis and Gout. These are just a few examples of the foot conditions a chiropodist can treat. Click to learn more about other Common Foot Conditions.
Is a Chiropodist Different than a Podiatrist?
It depends on where you live.
ChatGPT said:
In Ontario, both chiropodists and podiatrists are regulated foot care professionals, but their training and scope of practice differ slightly. Chiropodists are the most commonly licensed foot specialists in the province and provide comprehensive care including assessments, routine and advanced treatments, custom orthotics, minor procedures, and certain injections. Podiatrists are less common and were grandfathered into practice prior to 1993, when Ontario transitioned to licensing only chiropodists. A podiatrist can perform bone surgeries like bunion or hammertoe corrections, whereas a chiropodist cannot (they can still do other surgeries). Regardless of the title, both professionals are highly qualified to help you manage foot pain and keep you moving comfortably.
What Do Chiropodists Check For?
When a chiropodist sits down to assesses your feet, they'll be able to spot and treat minor problems right away, like hard skin, Warts, and Ingrown Toenails.
For people with diabetes, the chiropodist will check the sensation and circulation in the feet, as well as examine the feet for any potential irregularities or cause for concern. If you have foot pain, a chiropodist can do a biomechanical assessment and gait analysis. They'll check your alignment when you walk, and will then be able to recommend or prescribe solutions including, but not limited to, Orthotics or Insoles, to get the feet working in peak condition. Either way, you'll leave your first visit knowing your feet are being properly cared for.
As you can see, foot health isn't just about feet! When feet are in good condition, the whole body can be properly supported. When they're not, you'll likely notice problems elsewhere. Foot health is every bit as much about your legs, hips, and spine as it is about the way your toes look in sandals. Chiropodists are trained to see the bigger picture of your physical health and the role your feet play in it.
Even if you don't have foot pain, we urge you to visit a chiropodist. Your feet, after all, are your body's foundation, and having them assessed could save you aches and pains later on. Foot problems affect well over half the population. Don't be one of those people who finds themselves at risk of long-term consequences.
