Curly Toenails: What They Indicate and How to Manage Them

Written by Brittany Stuckless on October 5, 2023

Last updated August 7, 2024

Medically reviewed by Connie Christou, D. Ch.

When it comes to toenail anatomy, certain factors can affect structure and growth pattern. Case in point: curly toenails. They don’t look quite right and the truth is, there are several potential culprits. Sometimes it can be an underlying health condition presenting symptoms via your nails, and other times it is a direct toenail condition. As a side note, it’s also wise to ensure curling toenails don’t co-exist with/turn into ingrown toenails, which may become infected.

Let’s take a look at what might be causing your curling toenails, and what you can do about it!

Causes of Curly Toenails

Onychauxis

Onychauxis is the general term for abnormal toenail thickening. It is usually caused by trauma. The toenails thicken excessively, eventually causing the nails to curl and turn white or yellow. They can be more prone to fungal infection once the toenail is traumatized. The nail plate may also separate from the nail bed. Diabetes patients in particular should be on the lookout for diabetes-related onychomycosis and onychauxis, or “ram horn,” and other severe abnormalities caused by toenail thickening and curling.

Onychomycosis

This is a fungal toenail infection in the nail unit (the nail plate, surrounding soft tissues and nail folds). It usually results in nail thickening and the formation of pincer nails (curly toenails).

Autoimmune Illnesses and Deficiencies

Lupus, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and thyroid disorders can all cause thickened toenails that eventually degrade and curl. Severe iron deficiency can also cause curly toenails since iron is so critical for maintaining our nail and foot health.

Ill-Fitting Footwear

Perhaps the most common cause of curly toenails is also the most avoidable — simply neglecting foot care and failing to buy shoes that fit well. Wearing shoes that are far too tight for years (perhaps because you’re procrastinating a proper shoe fitting) is a mistake. When you wear shoes with minimal space in the toe box, the shoe will squeeze both sides of the toe, disrupting normal nail growth and bending the nail root or matrix.

Medications

Drug-induced nail disease is a very real concern for those taking necessary medicines. Some examples of medications that cause curly toenails and other nail growth disruptions include chemotherapy drugs, lithium, and Retinoids.

Genetics

Sometimes your gene pool is responsible for your curly toenails. Your mom and dad can pass down hereditary characteristics like the shape and thickness of your toenails, as well as how much skin you have surrounding the toenails. But don’t worry if you feel like you have no control over genetic traits – proper foot care can still help you manage curly toenails.

Here are some of the best treatments for curly toenails:

Medical Pedicures: Chiropodists can properly clean and trim the nails to promote healthy growth.
Antifungal Medicines: These can help with onychomycosis.
OnyFix: Modern, non-invasive treatment that involves using a special paste to correct nail growth.
At-home foot care: Remember to keep your feet and nails clean, but don’t try to trim them on your own if they’re severely curled or ingrown. If your toenails look like this, it’s best to contact a chiropodist.

Diabetic foot care from a Toronto foot clinic.

Don't Let Your Toenails Hold You Back!

The chiropodists at downtown Toronto’s Feet First Clinic can help you manage abnormal toenail growth with comprehensive nail care treatments! Call us at (416) 769-3338 or book an appointment here!

Second body image by studio4art from Freepik, Third body image by kroshka__nastya from Freepik

About Author: Brittany Stuckless

Brittany holds a Bachelor of Arts in English Language and Literature from Memorial University of Newfoundland. With a diverse background in journalism and marketing, she got her start as a freelance content writer. She currently works as a Marketing Assistant at Real Food for Real Kids in addition to her role as a writer at Feet First Clinic. Previously, Brittany has been a journalist for the Ontario Learning Development Foundation and Immigrant Muse magazine, and an Administrative and Marketing Assistant at Evolve Chiropractic and Physiotherapy. Originally from Newfoundland, she has lived in Toronto since 2014.

Learn more about Brittany Stuckless

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July 11, 2024

Why You Shouldn’t Use Fingernail Clippers for Your Toenails

There's always the right tool for the job. Using each tool for its intended purpose is best, or you risk doing more damage than good. That's why fingernail clippers and toenail clippers exist. To understand why, it's important to understand the difference between toenails and fingernails. Toenails are thicker, harder, and grow slower than fingernails because your feet and hands serve different functions. Toenails also have a greater surface area. In this blog post, we explain why you should avoid using fingernail clippers for your toenails and opt for toenail clippers exclusively. Reduce the risk of bacterial or fungal contamination For one, separating your nail tools prevents contamination and possible spread of bacteria and fungus. Given how exposed your hands are every day, you wouldn't want to spread any bacteria to your feet. When in doubt, clean your clippers with 70%—90% isopropyl alcohol. Fingernail clippers may not work on toenails When looking at fingernail vs. toenail clippers, the size difference is stark. Fingernail clippers are smaller, narrower, and curved. Toenail clippers are larger, wider, and straight across, as you should trim your toenails straight across. Cutting them with a curved edge increases your risk of ingrown toenails. If you want more guidance on choosing the tool for your toenails, read our blog post on our top choices for toenail clippers. Limit the risk of cracking and damaging your toenails Using sharp, rigid toenail clippers makes trimming easy and more effective. Using fingernail clippers means you'll need to apply more pressure to cut the nail and risk damaging or even cracking the toenail. If you don’t have the right tools, enough time, or simply the confidence to focus on a nail trim, try a medical pedicure instead. It includes the right nail trimming procedure and includes moisturization, thorough cleaning, and more. Before the nail trim, a chiropodist also examines your feet for other foot conditions. Prevent ingrown toenails You'll also notice the curvature of fingernail vs. toenail clippers. Fingernail clippers are curved and meant to follow the contours of your fingernails. On the other hand, toenails are plateaued and should be cut straight across. Using a curved tool on your toenails puts you at risk of jagged edges, nail splitting, or could be a root cause of ingrown toenails. If you wish, use a nail file to round the edges. This tool is necessary for properly smoothing the edges of the nails. After the trimming, there will likely be some jagged edges, sharp corners, and “spikes.”

February 11, 2021

Best Toenail Clippers

Did you know your toenails can grow upwards of 1 mm, if not more, per month? With that type of growth, regular trimming and cutting is essential. Proper nail care is a critical part of your overall hygiene. Healthy nails are smooth, and free of spots whereas signs of nail problems include pitting, ridges, streaks, yellowing and other forms of discolouration. Proper nail care is particularly important because nails act as a protector for the delicate tissues at the end of your toes. Think of them as a shield. Trimming your nails is one way to keep your toenails healthy. Proper nail care reduces the risk of trauma, Cracked Toenails, infected toenails, and limits the build-up of Nail Fungus. A weekly routine of checking on your nails allows you to stay on top of its health at a rate that's both manageable, and not too stressful. Below, you'll find our picks for the best products, how to cut your toenails properly, how often you should cut your toenails, and much more. Top toenail clippers: Our picks Seki Edge Stainless Steel Professional Nail Nipper If tough and thickened nails are a challenge, the Seki Edge Stainless Steel Professional Nail Nippers offers a clean trimming for fresh feet. Revlon Toenail Clipper Revlon's classic toenail clipper has curved blades that follow your toenail shape for easy, accurate trimming. Plain, simple, and affordable. Nippes Solingen Stainless Steel Toenail Nipper Shape tough and thick nails with the Nippes Solingen Stainless Steel Toenail Nippers. Its spring and lock mechanism, along with its expert sharpness allow for precise cutting. Seki Edge Stainless Steel Toenail Clipper The cutting edge is hand-grinded and honed for precise cutting. Tempered-twice to be long lasting and have a sharp edge. Little effort required to cut through the thickest nails. Premax Stainless Steel Toenail Clippers Premax's Stainless Steel Toenail Clippers feature a classic swivel top, sloped for best ergonomic hold. The blade is polished, sharp, and crescent-shaped, allowing you to clip through the toughest of nails while keeping them properly contoured. Erbe Solingen Nickel-Plated Pedicure Scissors Erbe Solingen Nickel-Plated Pedicure Scissors are designed to cut tough nails cleanly and carefully. The angle of the blades of this well-engineered scissors encourages a straight-across cut to reduce the likelihood of ingrown toenails. The handles are made to enhance the strength of the hand and the power of the cut, assuring a clean and even trim every time. Niegeloh Solingen TopInox Stainless Steel Toenail Clippers Niegeloh's TopInox Stainless Steel Toenail Clippers features a sharp and curved cutting edge, allowing these clippers to cut through hard and difficult nails. product expertise, items individually tested. How to cut your toenails like an expert As simple as it may seem, Trimming and Filing your Toenails correctly is an important part of maintaining proper foot health. It can save you from pesky and rather painful nail problems, such as ingrown toenails, broken toenails, and toenail related infections. Wash and Dry Your Feet: Thoroughly cleaning and drying your feet will also ensure your tools do not slip and you are able to see the nail edge clearly. Without regular hygiene, harmful microrganisms including bacteria and fungi may develop. Have the Right Tool(s) Available: To trim your toenails, you will need a pair of sharp nail clippers or professional nail nippers if you have very thick nails. You will also need a nail file. Clip Nails Straight Across: When cutting the toenail, the safest way to do it is to cut the nail straight across. This will ensure the toenail continues to grow forward, rather than outwards. Then, if necessary, cut along the straight line of your original cut to trim the edges while following the natural shape of your toe. Examine twice, cut once, instead of cutting too deep. File Sharp or Jagged Edges: Always file any sharp corners or jagged edges to ensure the nail edge is smooth. Sharp corners can catch on socks or even poke the surrounding skin. This also ensures you do not leave a nail spike behind to grow into the skin and cause a very painful ingrown toenail. For our comprehensive guide on trimming your nails, read How To Cut Your Toenails Like a Professional. How often should you clip your toenails? Toenails can grow about 1 mm a month, so trimming your nails every 6-8 weeks, if not more regularly, is ideal. Other factors including your footwear and activity level can vary your frequency, and it may be advisable to trim your nails more often. If you're a runner, for example, you may be more comfortable with regular trims as you want to avoid toenail conditions like Toenail Fungus and Black Toenails. Did you also know that your toenails grow faster in the summer than in the winter? Cutting your toenails too short could heighten your risk for Ingrown Toenails. If you leave your toenails too long, they may tear on your socks, shoes, or another object. Trim just the white part of your nail, and avoid the pink-coloured nail beneath that line. Toenail clippers vs. toenail scissors First off, use tools that are specifically designed for your toenails. Avoid tools such as regular scissors or knives that aren’t specifically designed for cutting nails. Precision is greater with toenail scissors, as the gentle curve of the blade makes it easier to shape your nails. You can also cut from the side which puts your nail into plain view better than clippers. Lastly, scissors cause less trauma to the nail as the smoother cut is more accurate. However, trimming your nails with scissors can be difficult on your non-dominant side. Both have their pros and cons, and it comes down to personal choice. Ideally, you have both, in case you need to make more precise cuts, or if you have difficulty on your non-dominant side, you can turn to nail clippers. Straight vs. curved clippers: What's the difference? Your fingernails and toenails are different, and require different tools for the job. You may be tempted to use fingernail clippers for your toes, but because of the different shape, and width of the nails, you should avoid using curved fingernail clippers for your toes. Look for toenail clippers with a straight edge. Using a curved tool for your toenails puts you at risk of digging into the tender sides of your nail bed and increases your risk for ingrown toenails. By following these tips, you're well on your way to proper toenail care. Your toenail needs live here We have all your solution under one roof. Call or Book Today and we’ll have you in asap! Open 6 days a week, we’ll be happy to help inform you and solve all your concerns any day at your convenience. Call us at 416-769-3338 or Click Above to Book Your Assessment Today!

April 10, 2025

Curved Toenails? Here’s What You Need to Know

Curved toenails can indicate various underlying toenail conditions, each with unique causes and additional characteristics. They also don’t always look the same. Toenail curvature issues can range from having a severe Ram’s Horn toenail, accompanied by other symptoms like thickening and discoloration, or small pincer nails that pierce your skin. Let’s learn about curved toenail causes, and most importantly, how a chiropodist or podiatrist can treat curved toenails at a foot clinic so complications don’t arise. Why Do Toenails Curve? https://www.youtube.com/shorts/Z6VYvI6CJQs To understand the best ways of preventing curved toenails, it’s important to learn how healthy toenails grow. They should naturally grow forward in a slightly arched but mostly flat shape, following the contour of the toe. This process begins in the nail matrix, the tissue under the skin at the base of the nail, where specialized cells produce layers of keratin—the protein that makes up the nail. As new cells form, older cells are pushed outward, harden, and form the visible nail plate. Ideally, the nail grows evenly and straight across, guided by both the shape of the matrix and the direction of mechanical forces applied to the toe, like walking or wearing shoes. The nail bed beneath provides support and helps keep the nail anchored and flat as it grows. A balance between nail thickness, width, and surrounding skin tension is key to maintaining this typical shape. Toenails start to curve when something disrupts this balance. Repetitive Trauma from Ill-Fitting Footwear One common reason is uneven pressure and toe crowding. Tight footwear or repetitive trauma can push the nail’s edges downward or inward over time. That’s why one of the best ways of preventing curved toenails, or virtually all foot conditions for that matter, is purchasing and wearing only shoes that fit properly, allow your toes to splay comfortably, and have ample cushioning, arch support and shock absorption. It’s better to have a small selection of solid, high-quality shoes that support foot health than several pairs of low-quality, poorly designed shoes that cramp your toes. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/rwNLRZ-MN_M Genetics Genetics also play a role in abnormal toenail growth; some people naturally have a more curved nail matrix or a narrower nail bed, both of which can encourage curling. If keratin production is uneven—say, one side of the nail grows faster than the other—the nail can begin to twist or curve as it extends. Underlying Health Conditions Inflammatory conditions, infections, poor circulation, or chronic diseases like diabetes can also interfere with normal nail growth by altering cell turnover in the matrix or causing changes to the skin and tissue around the nail. As a result, curved toenails are often not just a cosmetic issue—they can signal deeper structural or health-related concerns. Curved Toenail Causes Whether your curled toenails are the result of a sinister condition or simply a genetic growth pattern you’ve inherited, preventing them from getting worse is key. No matter the cause, proper trimming (straight across with simple nail clippers) and wearing shoes that fit well are two of the best things you can do from home to prevent painful complications and live life as comfortably as possible. Below you’ll find some of the most common causes of curved toenails: Ingrown Toenails (Onychocryptosis) Ingrown toenails are tricky as they look deceptively mild. But complications, like painful infections, can arise if you ignore them. They develop when the edge of a curved toenail grows into the surrounding skin, causing swelling, redness, and sensitivity. They can look curved, but they also look like a small “extra nail” on the edge of the main nail. It most commonly affects the big toe, and naturally curved toenails (involuted nails) are more likely to become ingrown because their growth pattern is already unusual. Trimming the nails too short or rounding the edges can also encourage the skin to fold over the nail edge, allowing it to grow inward instead of outward. Repeated pressure or trauma from sports, stubbing the toe, or restrictive footwear (in the toe box, like narrow, pointed high heels) can also disrupt normal growth and set the stage for an ingrown nail to form. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/B5a3yIgokh8 Pincer Nails (Trumpet Nails) Classified by podiatrists and chiropodists as “the most painful type of ingrown toenail,” pincer nails, or trumpet nails, occur when the sides of the toenail curve inward toward each other, sometimes so dramatically that the edges look like they want to meet underneath the toe! This shape creates a pinching effect on the nail bed and surrounding tissue. While some people are born with a naturally curved nail structure that gradually tightens over time, others develop this condition due to external pressures. Long-term use of tight shoes, particularly those with narrow toe boxes, is a major contributing factor. Certain systemic conditions, such as autoimmune disorders or circulatory problems, may also affect the nail matrix and contribute to this unusual curvature. Additionally, aging can play a role, as nail shape and growth patterns tend to change over time. Onychogryphosis (Ram’s Horn Nails) View this post on Instagram A post shared by Feet First Clinic (@feetfirstclinic_) Onychogryphosis is a condition where the toenail becomes dramatically thickened and begins to grow in a distorted, curved, or spiraled shape that resembles a ram’s horn. It often affects the big toe and progresses gradually over time. The nail’s irregular growth is usually the result of uneven cell production in the nail matrix, where one side grows faster than the other. The most common causes include repetitive trauma (like years of wearing ill-fitted shoes), long-standing fungal infections, or neglect of nail trimming. It’s more frequently seen in older adults or individuals with limited mobility who may struggle with basic foot care. Certain systemic conditions, including psoriasis and vascular disorders, may also interfere with healthy nail growth and lead to this thickened, curved form. Curved Toenail Pain Relief and Solutions: Nail Disorder Treatment Toenail curvature can cause pain and nagging discomfort that disrupts your daily life. Remember, the nail should not be growing this way, and it’s up to you to take the first step towards finding a solution. Chiropodists and podiatrists offer several effective treatments to address curved toenails, tailored to the severity and underlying causes. Below are some common treatments available at foot clinics: Proper Fitting Footwear Wearing shoes that are the correct length 0with a wide toe box is crucial for preventing and alleviating discomfort associated with curved toenails. Footwear that allows ample space for the toes reduces pressure on the toenails, minimizing the risk of them growing into the surrounding skin. Properly fitting shoes not only aid in preventing the development or worsening of curved toenails, but also provide some pain relief for existing conditions that need accommodation. Ensuring that shoes complement the natural shape of the foot without squeezing or compressing the toes is a simple yet effective measure in maintaining toenail health. Medical Pedicures Medical pedicures are performed by trained chiropodists or podiatrists and focus on the health and hygiene of the feet and nails. Unlike cosmetic pedicures, these procedures address underlying issues and focus more on nail maintenance and health than aesthetic appearances (although the nails always look clean and fresh afterwards!). During a medical pedicure, the specialist will carefully trim and reshape the toenails using sterilized instruments, reducing the risk of further complications. They are a common treatment for people with diabetes who cannot cut and clean their nails properly without assistance, and who need an extra set of eyes and expertise to spot abnormalities. OnyFix Nail Correction System The OnyFix system is a non-invasive, highly innovative, and pain-free treatment designed to correct curved toenails—especially ingrown toenails. It involves applying a specialized composite material to the nail, which hardens and acts as a brace, guiding the nail to grow in its natural shape without exerting direct force. This method is suitable for various nail shapes and is particularly beneficial for patients seeking an alternative to surgical interventions. The Onyfix system allows individuals to continue their daily activities without restrictions, including swimming and wearing nail polish. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/LoCcoKOhV7E Nail Avulsion Surgery In severe cases, such as with ram's horn toenail, surgical intervention may be recommended. This procedure involves the partial or complete removal of the affected toenail under local anesthesia. By removing the deformed nail, the underlying tissue can heal properly, and a healthier nail may regrow. Alternatively, a solution called phenol may be used to prevent nail regrowth.

April 3, 2025

Why Poor Blood Flow Causes Toenail Problems

Healthy toenails need healthy circulation, but when blood flow is compromised, they can become brittle, discoloured, or grow slowly. Additional toenail conditions can also develop. Poor circulation and toenail problems are closely linked, especially for those with health problems like diabetes or peripheral artery disease. Understanding why poor blood flow affects toenails can help you take the right steps to protect your foot health and prevent complications. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/3JAUqiqJfus The Importance of Blood Circulation In order to understand the link between poor circulation and toenail issues, we have to start by understanding what blood flow is and what it does. The circulatory system, comprising the heart, blood vessels, and blood, serves as the body's transportation network. Its primary function is to deliver oxygen and essential nutrients to cells while removing waste products like carbon dioxide. The heart pumps oxygen-rich blood through arteries, which branch into smaller arterioles and capillaries, reaching every tissue and organ. This process ensures that each cell receives the necessary components for energy production, growth, and repair. Efficient blood circulation is vital for overall health. Oxygen transported by red blood cells is crucial for cellular respiration, the process by which cells generate energy. Nutrients absorbed from digested food are distributed via the bloodstream to support various bodily functions. Key nutrients delivered by the bloodstream include: Glucose: A simple sugar derived from carbohydrates in our diet, glucose serves as the primary energy source for cells, fueling various physiological processes. Amino Acids: These are the building blocks of proteins, obtained from the digestion of dietary proteins. Amino acids are crucial for tissue growth, repair, and the synthesis of enzymes and hormones. Fatty Acids and Lipids: Essential components of cell membranes and energy storage molecules, fatty acids and lipids are transported to cells for incorporation into cellular structures and for energy production. Vitamins and Minerals: These micronutrients support a range of cellular functions, including maintaining bone health and facilitating nerve transmission. Hormones: Although not nutrients in the traditional sense, hormones are vital signaling molecules transported by the circulatory system to regulate various physiological activities, such as metabolism, growth, and mood. Impaired circulation can slow down healing processes—even for seemingly innocent and minor problems like cuts and scrapes. Likewise, organs and tissues deprived of adequate circulation can suffer damage over time, increasing the risk of conditions such as peripheral artery disease, stroke, and heart attacks. Toenail Health and Circulation: The Connection The circulatory system delivers oxygen and essential nutrients to the nail beds, supporting the growth and maintenance of strong, clear nails. When blood flow is compromised, the nails may not receive adequate nourishment, leading to various issues such as brittleness, discoloration, and slowed growth. In some cases, poor circulation can cause nails to develop ridges, indicating underlying vascular problems. Reduced blood flow can also increase the risk of infections like toenail fungus (onychomycosis). A weakened circulatory system impairs the body's ability to combat pathogens, making the toenail environment more susceptible to fungal overgrowth. This often results in yellowed, thickened nails that you can’t treat without the help of a chiropodist or podiatrist. They must remove the infected portion of the nail so they can apply the correct medicine. Poor blood flow on its own may not cause a problem with your foot health, but it can contribute to the following toenail conditions: Slow or halted nail growth: Inadequate blood flow deprives the nail matrix of essential nutrients and oxygen, resulting in reduced or ceased toenail growth. This can be very frustrating if your toenail falls off or cracks and you’re waiting for it to grow back, leaving your feet vulnerable. Brittle and discolored nails: Insufficient circulation can cause nails to become brittle and change color, often appearing yellowed or darkened. Thickened nails: Poor blood flow may contribute to the thickening of toenails, often via toenail fungus, making them difficult to trim and maintain. Poor blood flow also affects the nail growth process, which can cause nail cells to pile on top of each other and lead to thicker toenails. Ingrown toenails: While not directly caused by poor circulation, individuals with compromised blood flow, such as those with diabetes, are at higher risk for complications from ingrown toenails, including infections and delayed healing. Diabetes, Toenail Health and Circulation Diabetes can lead to two significant complications affecting foot health: diabetic neuropathy and peripheral artery disease (PAD). Diabetic neuropathy results from prolonged high blood sugar levels damaging the nerves, particularly in the legs and feet, causing numbness, tingling, or a loss of sensation. This diminished sensitivity means that innocent injuries, such as cuts or blisters, may go unnoticed, increasing the risk of infections and complications like ulcers, or in severe cases, life threatening problems like gangrene, which require amputation. This is also the case for seemingly minor problems with the toenails. Simultaneously, PAD causes blood vessels to narrow and harden, reducing blood flow to the extremities. This impaired circulation hampers the delivery of oxygen and essential nutrients needed for healing, making the feet and toenails even more susceptible. Regular foot inspections and nail care with a chiropodist or podiatrist, maintaining proper hygiene, and promptly addressing any abnormalities are crucial steps for diabetics to prevent toenail-related complications stemming from poor blood flow. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/QFWBwM6mGqM?feature=share Foot and Nail Care for Poor Circulation Maintaining proper foot and nail care is essential for individuals experiencing poor circulation, as reduced blood flow can lead to various complications. Here are some recommended practices and treatments: https://youtu.be/5PCZuM5E6RU Regular Exercise: Maintaining good circulatory health through regular exercise, a balanced diet, and avoiding smoking is essential for ensuring that the body's systems function as well as possible. One of the best circulation maintenance tips for foot health is working the muscles in the lower extremities. Exercises like toe splays, toe flexes and raises, massage ball rolls, pen pick-ups and seated toe pulls can work wonders. Click here to learn the five best foot exercises to improve blood circulation. They’re particularly helpful in the winter, but are useful all year round. Regular Self Inspections: Conduct daily checks for cuts, sores, or changes in nail color and texture to detect issues early. Moisturizing: Keep feet hydrated to prevent cracks and fissures that can lead to infections. Learn how to moisturize properly here. OnyFix Nail Correction System: For those with ingrown or involuted toenails, the OnyFix system offers a non-invasive, pain-free solution. This innovative treatment involves applying a composite material to the nail, which helps guide it back to its natural shape as it grows, without the need for surgery. It's suitable for various nail shapes. Medical Pedicures: Unlike traditional cosmetic pedicures, medical pedicures are performed by trained foot care professionals, such as chiropodists or podiatrists, in a sterile environment in a foot clinic. They focus on health, addressing issues like nail trimming, callus reduction, and infection prevention. They are especially helpful for dealing with irregular shaped toenails caused by poor circulation - cutting and maintaining these on your own can be very difficult. For people with diabetes, who are at higher risk for foot complications due to poor circulation and neuropathy, medical pedicures are a common and recommended treatment. These specialized pedicures help prevent complications like infections or ulcers by ensuring meticulous foot care. Proper Footwear: Wear well-fitting shoes that provide adequate support and reduce pressure points to promote better circulation. Proper Nail Trimming: Trim nails straight across and avoid cutting them too short to prevent ingrown toenails. And if your toenails are too thick or difficult to cut on your own, book an appointment with a foot specialist.

March 20, 2025

Ram’s Horn Toenails: What They Are and How to Treat Them

Ram’s horn toenails? Sounds like a serious foot issue! And it is—this condition, medically known as onychogryphosis, causes thickened, curved nails that can become painful and difficult to manage over time. It doesn’t just affect nail appearance; it can lead to discomfort, infection, and mobility issues if left untreated. Fortunately, onychogryphosis treatment options from a chiropodist or podiatrist are available to help you manage comfort and nail health. What Are Ram’s Horn Toenails? View this post on Instagram A post shared by Feet First Clinic (@feetfirstclinic_) Ram’s horn toenails (onychogryphosis), one of the many types of toenail conditions, is classified as a nail disorder or nail disease where the toenail becomes extremely thick, abnormally curved, and overgrown, often resembling the spiraled shape of a ram’s horn. This happens because the nail plate—made of keratin—grows unevenly due to disruptions in the nail matrix, the part of the nail bed responsible for new cell production. Instead of growing outward smoothly, the nail thickens, hardens, and may curl or twist due to uneven pressure and irregular cell turnover. They have a similar appearance to a severe fungal toenail infection. The texture of a ram’s horn toenail is usually rough, ridged, and extremely hard, making it difficult to trim with standard nail clippers. Over time, the nail can develop a yellowish, brownish, or even grayish hue due to keratin buildup and potential fungal infections. In severe cases, the nail may grow so long and misshapen that it presses into the surrounding skin, causing pain, tenderness, and difficulty wearing shoes or walking comfortably. Because the thickened nail loses its normal flexibility, it can crack or split, increasing the risk of infection. The appearance of onychogryphosis can also affect confidence and make it difficult to find shoes that accommodate their size and abnormal shape. Although onychogryphosis most commonly affects the big toe, it can develop on others as well. It tends to progress gradually, meaning that early signs—such as mild thickening or slight discoloration—can go unnoticed until the nail has significantly changed in shape and texture. Causes of Ram’s Horn Toenails https://www.youtube.com/shorts/3JAUqiqJfus These toenails do not generally form spontaneously without an underlying cause or risk factor. Let’s take a look at what generally causes this nail disorder. Risk Factors for Ram’s Horn Toenails: Trauma and Ill-Fitting Footwear Repeated or acute trauma to the toenail can disrupt normal nail growth, leading to thickening and deformation. Continuous pressure and friction, such as from ill-fitting footwear, can cause microtrauma to the nail bed, contributing to the development of onychogryphosis. Essentially, the toenail thickens and starts growing in a different direction to protect itself. Age In general, our feet become more vulnerable with age due to several physiological changes that can occur, which can predispose us to onychogryphosis. For instance, reduced peripheral circulation, common in older adults, impairs blood flow to the extremities, leading to diminished oxygen and nutrient delivery to the nails. This alters the nail's natural growth process, causing nails to grow slower and nail cells to pile up on top of each other (rather than growing out). As a result, they thicken and can change shape. Additionally, decreased mobility in the elderly may lead to inadequate foot care, contributing to nail abnormalities. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/gEi59gq5g54 Diabetes Diabetes significantly increases the risk of developing onychogryphosis, particularly due to the effects of diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy reduces sensation in the feet, so individuals may not notice pressure, injuries, or trauma to the toenails, which can lead to deformities like onychogryphosis. Without the ability to feel discomfort, they may unintentionally cause damage to the nail, leading to thickening, curling, and other changes associated with the condition. Additionally, poor circulation caused by diabetes can impede healthy nail growth, making the nails more prone to abnormalities. Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) As already discussed, poor circulation affects the nail growth process and can lead to nail deformities. In particular, peripheral vascular disease involves the narrowing of peripheral arteries, reducing blood flow to the limbs. The diminished circulation can cause various symptoms, including slow or unusual nail growth. Without proper blood flow, the nails may become thickened and misshapen, potentially progressing to onychogryphosis if left untreated. Cognitive Impairment Relating back to age as a risk factor, conditions such as dementia can lead to neglected foot care due to cognitive decline. Individuals with dementia may forget or be unable to perform regular foot hygiene practices, increasing the risk of nail deformities like onychogryphosis. Self neglect, or infrequent cutting of toenails for a significant amount for any reason, is also a risk factor. High-Friction Sports and Activity Participating in high-friction sports like running, soccer, or ballet can increase the risk of developing onychogryphosis. Repetitive pressure and friction from constant movement or improper footwear during these activities can cause trauma to the toenail, leading to thickening, curling, and potential deformity. Runners, for example, often experience repeated impact on their toenails, particularly the big toe, which can cause them to become damaged or misshapen over time. Additionally, athletes who wear shoes that are too tight or too loose, which cause friction and rubbing, are more likely to develop toenail issues. As is the case with ill-fitting footwear, over time, the nail thickens and changes growth direction in order to protect itself from the repetitive trauma. Hyperuricemia High levels of uric acid in the blood is often associated with gout, but it can also contribute to the development of onychogryphosis. Elevated uric acid can lead to the deposition of urate crystals in joints and tissues, including the nails, which can cause inflammation and damage. This buildup may result in nail thickening, distortion, and a rough appearance. While gout primarily affects joints, the condition’s systemic nature can also have an impact on nail health Fungal Infections Also known as onychomycosis, fungal infections cause thickening and nail distortion. These infections often thrive in warm, moist environments and can infiltrate the nail, leading to changes in color, texture, and shape. In diabetic patients, onychomycosis prevalence is notably higher, reaching up to 31.5%, due to factors like elevated blood glucose levels and compromised immune response. Psoriasis / Psoriatic Arthritis Psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis can cause nail changes in roughly half of affected individuals. Proper management of psoriasis through medical treatments can help alleviate these nail changes and improve overall nail health. Treating Ram’s Horn Toenails: Nail Care for Curved Toenails https://www.youtube.com/shorts/QFWBwM6mGqM Routine Professional Nail Care It’s very important to visit a Podiatrist or Chiropodist, both types of foot specialists in Ontario, if you have Ram’s horn toenails. This is because it is far too difficult, even dangerous, to manage them yourself. Their thickness, abnormal shape and unsightly appearance and positioning on your foot make it impractical to try cutting them with standard nail clippers, and is not advised. A chiropodist or podiatrist can tend to your nails properly with specialized tools designed to maintain nail disorders. They can also perform toenail debridement, smooth out nail edges, clean out debris, and apply sprays that help with discoloration. Other nail care treatment options may vary depending on the severity of the condition. In more extreme cases, surgical interventions such as nail avulsion—removal of the nail plate—may be considered. If an infection is present, a chiropodist or podiatrist can prescribe the appropriate antifungal or antibacterial treatments to address the underlying cause (you can't treat fungal infections from home). In addition to the specialized care provided by podiatrists and chiropodists, treatment for Ram’s horn toenails can also include regular monitoring to track any changes in the condition. They may suggest specific at-home care practices, such as gentle cleaning and moisturizing, to support the overall health of the nails and surrounding skin. For individuals with chronic conditions, like diabetes, it is especially important to maintain close contact with a foot care specialist to ensure the toenails remain manageable and complications are avoided. Diabetes patients who neglect their foot health can experience severe ulcer formation. Onyfix Onyfix is just one of the many unique ways a foot specialist can help treat curved, curled or Ram's Horn Toenails. It's a non-surgical treatment that involves the placement of a band across the toenail. This band then corrects the nail's growth pattern and shape. It's great for Ram's Horn Toenails because it will help flatten out the toenail on the nail bed and "train" the toenail to grow in the correct direction. Proper Fitting Footwear But all the treatment in the world won't matter without eliminating one of the most common causes of curved, curled and abnormal toenails: ill-fitting footwear. As we already discussed, ill-fitting footwear causes repetitive trauma on the nailbed, which disrupts the toenail's growth process. Prioritizing footwear that minimizes pressure and allows for adequate toe room to alleviate discomfort and prevent further nail distortion is key. Opting for shoes with a wide toe box provides ample space for the toes to spread naturally, reducing friction and pressure on the affected nails. Shoes may also require extra depth, and orthopedic footwear may be required for sufficient comfort. Featured Photo By PixaBay

February 20, 2025

Different Types of Toenails

Toenails are more than just a cosmetic feature; they’re protective shields that provide insight into overall toenail health, general health and well-being. Their shape, texture, and condition can indicate underlying issues, simple genetic traits, or the effects of lifestyle habits. In this article, we will explore the various types of toenails based on shape, thickness, texture, as well as medical and foot conditions. How do Toenails Grow? Nails grow from a specialized area of skin called the nail matrix, located beneath the cuticle at the base of the nail. This matrix contains rapidly dividing cells that produce keratin, a tough protein that forms the structure of the nail. As new cells are generated, older cells are pushed forward, gradually hardening through a process called keratinization. The visible part of the nail, known as the nail plate, rests on the nail bed, which supplies it with nutrients and oxygen through a network of capillaries. The lunula, the pale crescent-shaped area at the base of the nail, is the visible portion of the matrix, where active growth occurs. Healthy nail growth depends on factors like blood circulation, nutrition, and overall health, with fingernails typically growing faster than toenails. You can learn more about toenail anatomy here. Toenail Shapes https://www.youtube.com/shorts/Z6VYvI6CJQs Toenails can naturally grow in different shapes due to genetic factors, footwear, medical conditions, and nail care routines. Below are some common toenails types (and some not-so-common types as well). 1. Normal (Flat or Slightly Curved) Toenails Healthy toenails are typically flat or slightly curved, with a smooth surface and a light pinkish hue. They are neither too thick nor too brittle and grow evenly without splitting or cracking. If your toenails are entirely white with no pinkish hue, it may indicate anemia. 2. Curled Toenails Some people naturally have curled toenails, where the edges curve gently. This shape is common and generally poses no issues unless the curvature is extreme, leading to a higher risk of ingrown toenails. Toenails that are excessively curled are called involuted toenails. It’s important to note you should never purposely try to round the sides of your toenails with toenail clippers — always cut straight across. 3. Square Toenails Square toenails are straight across with sharp (but not too sharp!) or slightly rounded corners. This shape is often preferred for reducing the risk of ingrown nails, as it prevents the nail from growing into the surrounding skin. When you trim your nails, or get them trimmed by a specialist like a podiatrist or chiropodist during a medical pedicure, the end result should resemble a square shape on all nails. 4. Spoon-Shaped (Koilonychia) Toenails Koilonychia is a term for spoon-shaped toenails that curve inward, creating a concave appearance. They can be a tell-tale way to discern the difference between healthy toenails vs. unhealthy toenails. This condition may be a sign of iron deficiency, anemia, autoimmune disease, lupus and poor blood flow to the hands and feet. Regular health check-ups and iron-rich diets can help prevent or manage this issue. 5. Clubbed Toenails Clubbed toenails are thickened and rounded, often appearing swollen and accompanied by broadening of the tip of the toes. This can be a sign of chronic respiratory or cardiovascular conditions. If toenails appear clubbed, a medical evaluation is recommended. Toenail Thickness & Texture https://www.youtube.com/shorts/3JAUqiqJfus The thickness and texture of toenails can reveal a lot about their health. 1. Thickened Toenails Thickened toenails are often due to fungal infections. Thick nails infected with fungus require professional care from a Chiropodist or Podiatrist for proper maintenance and treatment because the infection is trapped and buried beneath the thickening — you won’t be able to treat it at home successfully. More on fungal infections later! 2. Brittle Toenails Brittle toenails tend to split or crack easily and may be caused by dehydration, prolonged exposure to moisture, or certain medical conditions like hypothyroidism. Moisturizing and maintaining proper hydration can help prevent brittleness. 3. Toenails with Ridges Vertical ridges on the toenails are common with aging and are usually harmless. Horizontal ridges (Beau’s lines) that look like indented grooves may indicate trauma, illnesses like viral infections or heart disease, severe stress and more. If Beau’s lines appear one day, you should talk to your family doctor. Subtle bands or stripes running along the nail can also be a signal you need to eat more protein. 4. Pitted Toenails Pitted toenails have small indentations or depressions in the nail surface. This condition is often associated with psoriasis, eczema, or alopecia areata. Treating the underlying condition can help improve nail health. The Most Common Toenail Conditions Beyond shape and texture, toenails can be affected by various conditions that may cause discomfort or indicate a medical issue. 1. Ingrown Toenails https://www.youtube.com/shorts/ZsFQqCkVf40 Ingrown toenails occur when the edge or corner of a toenail (usually the big toe) grows into the surrounding skin, causing pain, redness, and swelling. Ill-fitting shoes are a common cause; when shoes are too tight, they squeeze the toes together, increasing pressure on the sides of the toenail toenail, which disrupts the natural toenail growth pattern and forces it into the skin. High heels or narrow-toed shoes are particularly problematic because they alter the natural position of the foot and toe alignment, leading to more friction and pressure on the nail. This can result in the nail digging into the surrounding tissue, exacerbating the risk of infection and discomfort. Additionally, improper trimming of toenails (e.g., cutting them too short or in a rounded shape) can also contribute to ingrown toenails, especially when combined with tight footwear. Sometimes, there may be a genetic component to ingrown toenails. Certain nail shapes and growth patterns are hereditary (i.e.: involuted toenails) and can make a person more prone to developing ingrown toenails. Chronic ingrown toenails may lead to infection, so it’s a good idea to visit a foot clinic at the first sign of discomfort. A Chiropodist can safely treat the ingrown toenail - often without surgery. OnyFix is also a great, modern option that’s completely non-invasive and stimulates a normal nail growth pattern. Both of these services are performed by foot care professionals. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/LoCcoKOhV7E 2. Fungal Toenails (Onychomycosis) Fungal infections can cause toenails to become thick, yellowish, and crumbly. This condition is common in people who frequently visit places where fungal infections breed, like moist, shared locker rooms and showers, public pools, nail salons and more. You can also get fungal toenail if you’re prone to athlete’s foot (which can then spread to the toenails). Older people, as well as people who wear shoes that trap foot sweat (and exacerbate it) are also more at risk. Keeping your nails clean and away from contagious areas is a key prevention tip. Antifungal treatments and maintaining good foot hygiene can help control fungal infections, but it’s important to see a foot specialist to properly treat it. It is difficult to treat fungal infections on your own (unless it's in the very early stages) because the infection occurs beneath the nail, making it hard for topical treatments to penetrate deeply enough to eliminate the fungi. The nail acts as a natural barrier, trapping the infection in the nail bed and protecting the fungus from over-the-counter creams or home remedies. Sometimes our nails being so protective can be a double-edged sword! A Chiropodist or Podiatrist can perform nail debridement (removing infected parts of the nail to allow proper treatment) before applying a prescription-strength topical antifungal medication. 3. Discoloured Toenails Toenails can change colour due to various reasons. Here are some common discolourations that stray from the natural pink hue, and why it happens: Yellow or brown nails: Often a sign of fungal infection and accompanied by nail thickening. This can also be caused by wearing nail polish; the chemicals are absorbed by the structure of the nail, causing yellow staining. White spots: Can indicate several issues. They can happen due to minor trauma, kidney issues, yeast infections, cirrhosis, or they may signal something more innocent, like nutritional deficiency— often zinc. If your toenails are entirely white with no pinkish hue, it could possibly be anemia. Black, red or purple: Generally caused by trauma (subungual hematoma). The dark colour is essentially bruising underneath the nail. People often notice a black toenail after stubbing it or dropping a hard object on it. Trauma can also cause toenail damage, like cracked toenails. 4. Detached Toenails (Onycholysis) Sometimes your toenail can start to fall off, which can be alarming. Onycholysis occurs when the nail separates from the nail bed, often due to trauma, fungal infections, or psoriasis. Treatment depends on the underlying cause. 5. Ram’s Horn Toenails (Onychogryphosis) This condition results in extremely thick and curved toenails that resemble a horn. It is more common in elderly individuals or those with poor circulation. Regular trimming and professional care from a chiropodist or podiatrist are essential for management.

January 30, 2025

5 Common Toenail Conditions

Toenail conditions can cover a wide range of problems, each with its own set of symptoms. Typical causes and risk factors include wearing ill-fitting shoes over long periods, contracting contagious fungi, infections, cutting your toenails incorrectly, having poor circulation and more. Today we’ll talk about the 5 most common toenail conditions and what you can do to address each one. Nailed it! 5 Common Toenail Conditions Ingrown toenails Toenail fungus Cracked/stubbed toenails Discoloured toenails Onycholysis Risk Factors for Common Toenail Problems Improper nail trimming, such as cutting nails too short or rounding edges. Wearing tight or ill-fitting footwear that puts pressure on the toes. Frequent exposure to damp or moist environments - this leads to fungal infections, which can spread and worsen without treatment. Walking barefoot in communal areas, which increases exposure to fungi and bacteria. Trauma to the toes, such as stubbing or dropping heavy objects. Poor foot hygiene, leading to debris buildup and a more favourable environment for bacteria and fungi. Genetics, including naturally curved nails or a family history of nail issues. Poor circulation, which disrupts the natural toenail growth process and can lead to an array of toenail deformities and misshapen toenails. Medical conditions like diabetes or peripheral vascular disease, which impair circulation and healing. It's extremely important to attend regular appointments with a chiropodist or podiatrist if you have diabetes as even deceptively minor issues, like cracked toenails or ingrown toenails, can turn into diabetic ulcers when ignored. Psoriasis or other skin conditions affecting the nails. Weak or brittle nails caused by aging, poor nutrition, or overuse of harsh chemicals (too many cosmetic pedicures). Repetitive pressure on nails from activities like running or wearing high heels. 1. Ingrown Toenails https://www.youtube.com/shorts/LoCcoKOhV7E Ingrown toenails are one of the most common toenail problems, with some studies suggesting they affect 20% of patients who seek medical care for foot-related issues. They occur when the edges or corners of a toenail grow into the soft skin surrounding it. This leads to inflammation, swelling, and pain. The big toes are particularly prone to this condition due to their size and the pressure they endure during daily activities. Nails grow from the nail matrix, a layer of tissue beneath the cuticle that produces keratin, the protein that forms the nail. Healthy nails grow straight outward, following the curve of the toe. However, if the nail is cut incorrectly, exposed to excessive pressure and toe crowding in shoes, or grows irregularly due to genetics, its edges can deviate and pierce the surrounding skin. Once the nail edge enters the skin, the body identifies it as a foreign object. This triggers an inflammatory response, where blood flow to the area increases, causing redness, swelling, and pain. If bacteria enter the wound, infection may develop, leading to pus and further discomfort. Treatment for ingrown toenails depends on the severity of the condition and the individual’s needs. For mild cases, conservative care such as warm water soaks, antibiotic ointments, and proper nail trimming can help alleviate discomfort and prevent infection. Professional treatments offer more targeted solutions. OnyFix is a non-invasive option that uses a specialized band applied to the nail, gently guiding its growth to prevent future ingrown edges without the need for surgery. Medical pedicures, performed by a chiropodist or podiatrist, safely address ingrown nails by trimming and reshaping them with sterilized tools while maintaining overall nail health. For severe or recurrent cases, surgical interventions such as partial or total nail avulsion may be necessary to remove the problematic portion of the nail and ensure long-term relief. Consulting a foot care specialist is key to determining the most effective treatment plan. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/ZsFQqCkVf40 2. Toenail Fungus Fungal toenails occur when fungi infect the nail bed, causing changes in the nail's colour, texture, and thickness. The fungi thrive in warm, moist environments, which makes the toes a prime target, especially in people who wear tight shoes, sweat excessively, or walk barefoot in public areas. Over time, the nail may become discoloured (yellow, brown, or white), thickened, and brittle, and it may even begin to separate from the nail bed. Fungal infections can be persistent and difficult to treat due to the fact they’re essentially stuck under the nail. This means professional intervention from a chiropodist or podiatrist is necessary. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/jo9Ro-iGU2s 3. Cracked / Stubbed Toenails Cracked and stubbed toenails often coexist. They occur when the nail becomes brittle and breaks, often due to factors like dehydration, excessive moisture, or external pressure from tight shoes. The nail’s keratin structure weakens, leading to splits or fractures. Stubbed toenails, on the other hand, happen when the toe is forcefully struck, causing immediate pain and potential damage to the nail, which includes cracking. You can usually let your cracked toenails grow out naturally. If the nail is cracked due to sudden trauma and there is no other culprit at play, this will take about 6 to 8 weeks to start, and sometimes over a year to completely regrow properly. A chiropodist or podiatrist might be able to provide a remedy to encourage faster growth, and suggest the best footwear for your feet to avoid toe crowding and further nail damage. In the case of complications or a more sinister underlying problem, a foot specialist may partially or fully remove the nail (avulsion) or apply dressing to the area to prevent infection. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/lArn5KLnnSA 4. Discoloured Toenails Discoloured toenails are more of a symptom than a problem. When the nail changes colour, it often reflects a problem with the nail, tissue beneath it, or your general health. Fungal infections, for example, commonly cause yellow or brown discoloration, as the fungi damage the nail and its growth. Trauma can also lead to discolouration, often presenting as a dark bruise (purple or black) due to blood pooling under the nail. Nail Discolouration Causes and Colours: Yellow: Fungal infections, thickening, aging. Black: Trauma or bruising beneath the nail, potentially accompanied by blood pooling. White spots: Trauma, fungus, allergies — generally harmless. Bluish/Pale: Circulation issues, anemia, or other health conditions. Treatment is difficult to discern as many factors may be causing discolouration. The best course of action is scheduling a foot assessment or nail care appointment with a chiropodist or podiatrist at a foot clinic. 5. Onycholysis This is a term for when your nail starts to separate from the nail bed. It often coexists with toenail fungus, psoriasis or trauma/toe injuries. Depending on the cause, you may need a full course of fungal toenail treatment at a foot clinic. A Chiropodist or Podiatrist will determine what’s causing the problem and curate a specialized treatment plan. As mentioned before, the detached portion of your nail will usually grow back on its own if it's separated because of trauma. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/QFWBwM6mGqM Prevention Tips for Common Toenail Problems Trim nails straight across and avoid cutting them too short. Wear properly fitting footwear that allows adequate toe room. Maintain good foot hygiene, including regular washing and drying of feet. Avoid walking barefoot in communal areas to reduce the risk of fungal infections. Keep feet dry, especially in winter, and use moisture-wicking socks to prevent fungal growth. Protect toes from trauma by wearing protective footwear in hazardous environments. Moisturize nails and cuticles regularly to prevent brittleness and cracking. Avoid harsh chemicals, including acetone-based nail polish removers. Monitor nails for discoloration, thickening, or unusual texture changes. Seek professional care from a Chiropodist or Podiatrist if you suspect you have a fungal infection. Seek professional care from a Chiropodist or Podiatrist if you notice persistent pain, redness, or swelling. Schedule foot assessments and regular medical pedicures with a Chiropodist or Podiatrist so they can keep an eye on your feet — four eyes are better than two!

January 23, 2025

When to See a Foot Specialist for Foot Odor

There are plenty of myths about foot odor. From thinking it only happens in hot weather to assuming those who struggle with it must not bathe or shower, it’s a foot condition that can be difficult to understand and affect our confidence. You may also wonder if foot odor is a serious problem and when to see a foot specialist, like a podiatrist or chiropodist, about it. On the other hand, you may be able to tackle it on your own. Today we’ll talk in depth about when you might need some extra help with your foot odor. What is Foot Odor? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=meO8VW1yxJ4 Foot odor is the unpleasant smell that arises from the feet. The main cause of foot odor is the excessive perspiration of the feet combining with bacteria, often occurring in areas where sweat accumulates the most, such as inside shoes or socks. This creates an ideal environment for bacteria to thrive. Fun fact: human sweat itself is almost entirely odorless! Odors arise when it interacts with bacteria present on the skin, particularly on the soles and between the toes, forming odorous substances. This breakdown process produces an array of compounds, including acids, ammonia, and sulfur-based compounds, which are responsible for the characteristic smell. Persistent Foot Odor Causes and How to Prevent Foot Odor One condition that exacerbates foot odor is plantar hyperhidrosis, a condition where the sweat glands on the soles of the feet produce excessive amounts of sweat. When the feet sweat excessively, the increased moisture fosters a more conducive environment for the growth of bacteria, contributing to stronger foot odor. This is a medical condition that often requires intervention to manage the excess sweating. Treatment options include topical antiperspirants, double layered cotton socks and Anticholinergic creams. A podiatrist or a chiropodist can also recommend absorbent insoles and give you advice on how to practice proper foot hygiene, which should include washing with an antibacterial soap, thoroughly drying, and applying foot powder or antifungal powder. In addition to plantar hyperhidrosis, several other factors and health issues can contribute to foot odor: Fungal Infections Fungal infections, such as athlete's foot, thrive in warm, damp environments, which is why sweaty feet are more prone to infection. These infections can cause itching, burning, and peeling skin, alongside a musty odor due to the fungus feeding on skin cells. Diabetes Foot odor can be a serious concern for individuals with diabetes, as it might signal an infected wound or a diabetic ulcer, particularly in the toes or feet. Due to reduced circulation and nerve damage associated with diabetes, wounds can go unnoticed, and the risk of infection increases. The presence of odor may indicate that an infection is developing, which requires prompt medical attention to prevent complications such as cellulitis or gangrene. Poor Circulation Poor circulation can lead to excessive sweating as the body tries to regulate temperature. However, insufficient blood flow also prevents the proper removal of toxins, causing a build-up of bacteria that contributes to foot odor. It’s important to try and improve your circulation as much as possible: one way you can do so is with exercises that help with circulation in the winter time. Hormonal Imbalances Conditions such as pregnancy, menopause, or thyroid disorders can cause hormonal changes that influence sweat production. These fluctuations in hormones can trigger excessive sweating, creating an environment that supports bacterial growth and results in stronger foot odor. Lifestyle and Diet Poor foot hygiene or wearing shoes that do not allow the feet to breathe can trap moisture and heat, promoting bacterial growth that causes odor. It’s important to wear breathable shoes to ensure excess moisture doesn’t build up and disrupt a healthy shoe environment. Moisture wicking socks are another great way to be vigilant against foot odor, in addition to regularly changing your socks throughout the day and keeping your feet nice and clean, which we discussed earlier. Diets high in spicy foods, alcohol, or caffeine can also increase sweating and contribute to foot odor. Is My Foot Odor A Serious Problem? In general, foot odor is harmless and can be managed with good hygiene. But it can become a serious issue when it signals an underlying health problem, especially if it's persistent, worsens over time, or has a particularly foul smell that differs from the typical cheesy, vinegary or sweaty smells we all recognize in foot odor. When combined with other symptoms such as redness, swelling, pain, or itching, it could indicate an infection like athlete's foot or cellulitis. If the odor is accompanied by open sores, blisters, peeling skin, or wounds that don't heal, it's important to pay attention to these signs as they may point to infections or worsening diabetic neuropathy that requires a prompt visit with a chiropodist or podiatrist. This is also crucial if your foot odour is accompanied by other concerning symptoms, such as a change in skin colour. Typically, it will be obvious if a pungent smell is radiating from a wound instead of just your feet, so in this case, treat the odor as an urgent matter. When To See A Foot Specialist For Foot Odor https://www.youtube.com/shorts/sBIdll7qylQ If you’re unsure whether your foot odor is linked to a more severe issue, it’s a good idea to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation, and see a chiropodist at a foot clinic. These experts can help identify the root cause of persistent odor, whether it’s fungal, bacterial, or linked to a medical condition like diabetes or plantar hyperhidrosis. They can also recommend effective options tailored to your specific needs, such as prescription topical solutions, high-quality creams and powders, advice on managing excess sweat, footwear recommendations, and more. Foot specialists are trained to spot subtle signs that might go unnoticed and can offer targeted solutions and tailored treatment plans that go beyond home remedies. Seeing a foot specialist can also help you better manage foot odor linked to chronic conditions. For example, if you have diabetes or poor circulation, a chiropodist can advise you on preventative measures to avoid complications like infection or wound degradation. If you’re experiencing frequent or severe foot odor, don’t wait for it to escalate—getting professional help early can ensure that any underlying issues are addressed promptly and effectively.

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