January 16, 2023
Fact: Your toenails can give you clues about your overall health. That's right, the state of your nails, including toenails, can indicate an underlying health condition. Conversely, healthy nails can be a sign of a healthy lifestyle.
The state of our toenails can differ in a lot of ways. Toenails can splinter, thicken, thin, peel, dry out, break, and pit. Toenail pitting is the focus of this article.
Below, you'll learn about toenail anatomy, the basics of pitting, signs, treatment methods, and preventative measures to keep your nails in good shape.
Toenail anatomy
Before we delve into the details of toenails and pitting, we must understand their anatomy and the part it plays for our feet.
Toenails are the plate-like covers on our toes. Alpha-keratin, a type of protein, comprises toenails. Alpha-keratin is the same protein building block for hair and the outermost layer of our skin (the epidermis). Generally, the toenail is about 0.5 mm thick and slightly curved.
The toenail consists of several distinct components. The toenail includes the nail plate, the cuticle, and the nail folds surrounding the nail's perimeter. The part referred to as the toenail colloquially is the "nail plate."
What's toenail pitting?
Pitting, by definition, is an indentation. Toenail pitting follows the same logic. Pitting of the nail occurs when tiny dents or "pits" form in the nail plate. Toenail pitting is a type of nail abnormality.
Toenail indents can be shallow and only recognizable by touch. Deep toenail pits may be visible due to their concave nature. Within the grooves, some parts of the pitting may be deeper than others, just as there are deeper and shallow parts of a pit.
Nail pitting is generally more common for fingernails, but toenails are also affected.
What causes toenail pitting?
There are several causes for toenail pitting. Toenail pitting reasons range from external trauma to an underlying medical condition. Learn about the various causes of toenail pitting below.
Nail psoriasis
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease that can cause toenail pitting. Those with nail psoriasis produce too many skin cells, causing nail irregularities. According to Healthline.com, approximately 80% of those with psoriatic arthritis experience nail irregularities or changes.
You may be able to recognize nail psoriasis because of two related symptoms: discolouration and nail bed separation. There are a few groups more likely to develop nail psoriasis. At-risk factors include:
People who are over 40 (though psoriasis may occur at any age)
Males
Genetics
Psoriatic arthritis
According to a study published in the National Library of Medicine, psoriasis can cause toenail pits "remarkably even in size and depth. Their distribution may be haphazard or sometimes arranged in parallel transverse or short longitudinal lines."
Though psoriasis is not curable, you can mask the effects of toenail pitting. You can buff or apply nail polish to hide the indents and improve the aesthetic.
Nail eczema
Eczema is a condition that causes itchy and red skin. The disease can cause nail thickening or pitting when eczema targets the feet.
Habit-tic deformity
Habit-tic deformity on the fingernail.
The habit-tic deformity is a nail condition similar to toenail pitting with several differences. When you constantly pick at your nails, external trauma can create pits in your nail. The habit-tic deformity is most common on the fingernails, specifically the thumbs, but it can also happen on your toenails. For instance, if you sit cross-legged or have your feet at arm's reach, you may develop a habit of picking at your toenails.
The defining features of habit-tic deformity are horizontal ridges across the nail and a slight depression in the middle of the nail plate. The habit-tic deformity is not severe and typically heals if left alone. The condition is known as "washboard nails" because of the horizontal nail ridges.
Reiter's syndrome/reactive arthritis
Those with reactive arthritis may experience toenail pitting. An infection or bacterial infection elsewhere in the body can cause reactive arthritis, also known as Reiter's syndrome. People with a specific type of gene are more likely to develop the condition, as it's believed to be genetic.
How do you fix nail pitting?
Toenail pitting fixes vary. In some cases, like psoriasis, there is no cure. Cosmetic procedures are an option to mask the effects. Removing external trauma can help reverse toenail pitting in cases like a habit-tic deformity.
Additional treatment options include medication applied to the nail itself. Options include steroids, salicylic acid, calcipotriol, cyanoacrylate adhesive (for the habit-tic deformity) and tazarotene.
Is nail pitting serious?
In most cases, nail pitting as a symptom isn't severe. Nail pitting is more often a cosmetic issue than a medical issue. However, the underlying conditions that cause toenail pitting can vary in severity.
November 17, 2022
A self-performed nail trim may seem like a simple task. However, many people make plenty of mistakes when trimming their nails.
Failing to follow the correct technique can lead to a wide array of painful toenail problems, like ingrown toenails (P.S. you should never try to cut your own ingrown toenails), cracked toenails, and even infections like toenail fungus.
In the world of podiatry and chiropody, a trim nail is serious business. There are guidelines to follow to protect your toenail health, and foot specialists also recommend specific tools of the trade. The good news is you can learn to trim your toenails properly from home.
Let's look at common toenail trimming errors (and useful tips) and then learn how to cut your toenails like a pro!
Toenail Trimming: Common Errors and Helpful Tips
Don't trim your toenails when they are wet. Everyday Health notes you should trim them while dry for a smoother cut.
Don't clip your toenails too short. This almost guarantees ingrown toenails, as the skin can overlap the toenail.
Use the right toenail clippers and avoid using unusual objects for toenail trimming, like standard scissors.
Curving the edges of your toenails may look aesthetically pleasing, but experts suggest not doing this. It will put you at risk of ingrown toenails, so trim your toenails straight across instead.
Clip your toenails every six to eight weeks. Don't wait longer, or it will be more difficult. Athletes may want to clip more frequently.
Maintain a toenail length of 1 to 2 mm, no shorter. Toenail growth can be quite slow sometimes.
If you don't have the right tools, enough time, or simply the confidence to focus on a nail trim, try a medical pedicure instead. It includes the right nail trimming procedure and concludes with a relaxing (and beneficial) moisturizing session, thorough cleaning, and more. Before the nail trim, a chiropodist also examines your feet for other foot conditions.
Try OnyFix if you're already burdened with ingrown toenails. This non-invasive, pain-free procedure ensures your toenails grow in the right direction.
How a Foot Specialist Cuts Toenails
Start with a clean, dry base. A clean base keeps your tools from slipping and eliminates debris so you can see the toenails clearly. Cut your toenails after a shower or bath and ensure they're dry, using a towel to soak up any excess water.
Use sharp nail clippers or nickel-plated pedicure scissors. Remember, toenails are thick, so flimsy tools will just cause mistakes.
Clip nails straight across. There should be no curving of the edges or cutting the nails down too far. A straight cut keeps the nail growing in the right direction.
Trim once more if needed. If the first trim doesn't look quite right, trim straight across one more time. Cut along the straight line of the initial cut to clean up the edges.
Use a nail file. This tool is necessary for properly smoothing the edges of the nails. After the trimming, there will likely be some jagged edges, sharp corners, and "spikes."
November 3, 2022
Medical pedicures are no ordinary cosmetic pedicure. And while the procedure skips the pretty toenail polish, they offer numerous foot health benefits that you won't get from your favourite nail salon and spa.
Regular medical pedicures work wonders for nail health and keep your skin in good condition. What's more, chiropodists know the warning signs of foot conditions, so they can keep their eyes peeled for potential problems while performing your pedicure.
Let's take a look at the top 5 benefits of medical pedicures!
Medical pedicures prevent ingrown toenails
Your chiropodist can detect foot abnormalities and conditions
Say goodbye to foot odour
Enjoy a thorough moisturizing session
Safe and sterile environment
Medical Pedicures Prevent Ingrown Toenails
Ingrown toenails are something to avoid at all costs. Ingrown toenails grow into and pierce the skin, so while they may start out as a tiny problem, the pain can be immense if the ingrown toenail isn't properly dealt with. Not knowing how to cut your toenails properly can trigger ingrown toenail growth, so you should opt for a professional trim if you don't know what you're doing.
Of course, medical pedicures include thorough nail trimming and filing. Cutting and filing straight across ensures smooth edges and lets the nail re-grow in the right direction. This can prevent ingrown toenails but also serves as a treatment for any pre-existing ones.
Bonus tip: Try researching the best toenail clippers for added protection against ingrown toenails.
Your Chiropodist Can Detect Foot Abnormalities and Conditions
When you get a medical pedicure, a trained professional examines every inch of your foot. This is one of the most beneficial aspects of getting a pedicure at a foot clinic vs. a nail salon.
If you have diabetes, getting a foot examination is even more crucial. Due to diabetic neuropathy, irregular glucose levels, and peripheral vascular disease, undetected foot abnormalities can make way for severe complications. These may include skin and bone infections, gangrene, abscesses, and even amputations.
Here are some examples of what a chiropodist can look for during a medical pedicure:
Warts
Corns and calluses
Signs of proper blood circulation
Fungal infections
Nerve function
Signs of additional infection
Say Goodbye to Foot Odour
A medical pedicure includes sanitizing and thoroughly cleaning your feet. The process starts with cleaning the feet with alcohol, so the chiropodist has a clean base. This eliminates dead skin and bacteria on the bottom of the feet, eliminating unpleasant foot odour.
To ensure foot odour doesn't come back, wash your feet regularly, wear socks with sneakers and use high-quality foot deodorants.
Safe and Sterile Environment
Everyone likes to feel pampered sometimes. But while salon pedicures are fun and relaxing, there can be a lack of cleanliness in some establishments. Manicure and pedicure salons can be breeding grounds for foot fungus and other concerning threats.
When you go to a foot clinic, all eyes are on you. You have a space dedicated to your treatment, and your chiropodist only pays attention to your medical pedicure. Your foot specialist also uses only steam sterilized equipment that is sterilized after each use, and has plenty of time to ensure all medical practice standards are followed.
But a salon may be jam-packed full of customers, and employees can easily forget to thoroughly clean tools when they're too busy. This is when viruses, fungus and bacteria come into the picture.
Enjoy a Thorough Moisturizing Session
If you think moisturizing only happens at a nail salon, think again.
A chiropodist will use medical-strength moisturizing creams at the end of the medical pedicure.
This intense treatment works to keep skin feeling soft and clean, restore natural elasticity, and fight common nuisances like dry, itchy skin.
October 13, 2022
Under normal circumstances, our toenails are a glassy, somewhat opaque colour. The protective proteins of our toenails, called alpha-keratin, create this consistency. Together with the skin below it, healthy toenails should be pink. Sometimes, however, our toenails change colour. But why?
You may experience toenail discolouration from damage to the toenail itself or from damage to the skin below the nail bed. In both instances, a black spot may appear. It can be a black spot below the toenail, or your toenail itself may change colour.
This article teaches more about black spots under toenails, different kinds of toenail discolouration, and treatments. First, let's explore the nail condition of a black toenail.
What's a black toenail?
Black toenails are a type of nail condition characterized by damage to the skin below the nail. In most cases, a black toenail is a subungual hematoma, especially if you see a black spot. The black area you see is a bruise (a blood vessel breakage causing bleeding near the skin surface.)
However, your toenail may turn black for other reasons. We break down the causes below.
Should I be worried about a black toenail?
Black toenails have several causes, some more common than others.
Common causes
A subungual hematoma is the most common cause of a black spot under your toenail. Trauma, whether acute or chronic, causes a black spot under your toenail. Instances like running with ill-fitting footwear, stubbing a toe, or dropping an item on your toe are common culprits. Due to its length and weight-bearing role, your big toe is the most common toenail for a subungual hematoma. Your toenail may fall off entirely, or you may experience a small black spot. If the latter, you can trim off the black area as your nail grows out.
You may associate a fungal infection with discolouration of the toenail. Although usually a yellow-green, your toenail may also turn black.
In rare cases, ingrown toenails can be the culprit for a black toenail. An ingrown toenail causing a black toenail is usually related to a complication of a previous toenail treatment.
Rare and more severe causes
Malignant melanoma can cause a black toenail: Cancer forms in the cells of our skin that give our skin colour, which causes a black spot.
A B12 deficiency: B12 keeps your nails strong and healthy. A lack of B12 may result in a blackish tint.
Kidney problems
Liver disease
Linear melanonychia can cause black and brown lines that run either with your toenail or horizontally across your toenail.
If you have doubts about the black spot under your toenail, book an appointment with a chiropodist for the next steps and a diagnosis.
What kind of discolourations of a toenail are there?
In addition to black toenails, you may experience other discolouration. Click here to learn about the various shades and causes of discoloured toenails.
How can I treat a discoloured (including a black) toenail?
If you can connect the cause of a black toenail to a common cause—for instance, a stubbed toe—then at-home treatments are sufficient. However, if you haven't had any trauma or damage to your nail, consult a medical professional for treatment options. Here are some ways you can treat a discoloured toenail:
Let it grow out
If your toenail isn't damaged or at risk of falling off, the most effective action is to let the toenail grow out. Expect to wait between 6-9 months to allow your toenail to grow out thoroughly and to be able to trim the black area away.
Cover the toenail
If your toenail dies and falls off, you should cover any exposed parts of the nail bed for 7-10 days. Coat the area with a non-stick bandage and wait for the skin underneath to harden. Once the skin hardens, you can leave the nail and allow it to grow back or use an artificial nail to improve aesthetics.
Visit a chiropodist or foot doctor
If you have damage to your toenail from trauma and need guidance and treatment, visit a chiropodist. Our team of dedicated licensed chiropodists is committed to providing quality care and services for all your foot and ankle needs. They can diagnose, treat and help manage various foot conditions, from callus removal to ingrown toenails to bunions.
Over-the-counter creams and ointments
Ointments and creams are usually effective and can help treat fungal infections. You can also use a prescription antifungal treatment for severe cases of toenail infections.
Buy a new pair of shoes
If you have poorly-fitting shoes causing stress to your toenail, invest in proper footwear for your feet.
August 22, 2022
Don't be embarrassed if you have sweaty and funky feet --- you may just need a foot deodorant.
The moisture trapped in your shoes can cause some incredibly common issues, like hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating), odour and irritation. Let's look at everything there is to know about foot deodorant!
What Is Foot Deodorant?
Foot deodorant is just like your standard underarm deodorant or antiperspirant - but for your feet! Your feet can get as sweaty and stinky as your underarms do. It can often come in good use, and many people can benefit from trying a good foot deodorant product.
What Does Foot Deodorant Do?
Natural deodorants target hyperhidrosis, keeping your feet feeling fresh for long periods.
Foot sprays and deodorants are a critical component of foot hygiene. Practicing regular foot care prevents a wide array of foot conditions.
Deodorants fight stinky feet by eliminating odorous bacteria.
Some foot deodorants act as a barrier between your feet and shoes. This can help prevent blisters.
Types of Foot Deodorants
The active ingredients in natural foot deodorants are responsible for their amazing capabilities. There are many different types for specific purposes and uses.
Each type works to neutralize foot odour and block sweat glands, from sprays to creams to powders. Deodorant creams usually include an additional moisturizing effect. With foot sprays, you can also use them on your footwear and socks, and they often come with preventative anti-fungal properties. Powders are perhaps the best option for absorbing excessive, pre-existing moisture.
GEHWOL Foot Deodorant Products
Foot Powder
Foot and Shoe Deodorant Spray
Deodorant Foot Cream
Foot Powder
This foot deodorant absorbs sweat without leaving a clumpy powder mess behind. Simply dust the powder formula onto your feet or socks for extra moisture control.
The bisabolol in this deodorant has a calming effect on the skin and reduces redness and irritation. The tapioca starch is responsible for absorbing moisture, and the zinc oxide has antimicrobial properties that prevent foot infections like athlete's foot and toenail fungus. Talcum protects the skin and absorbs moisture, and it's also frequently used in baby powder products. Many people use talcum powder as an odour-prevention alternative to antiperspirant.
Foot Spray and Shoe Deodorant
A crucial part of maintaining foot hygiene is fighting foot odour. The zinc ricinoleate in Gehwol's foot spray and shoe deodorant prevents that odorous foot smell from festering in your shoes all day. You can apply this deodorant spray on your footwear and socks, making it an excellent choice for athletes and people on the go.
In addition to the typical foot deodorant properties, this product also anti-fungal properties. You can spray it on your feet and footwear in contagious public spaces like saunas, shoe stores and public pools.
Note: This product is not a substitute for a prescription anti-fungal for an active fungal infection. Rather, you should use it for prevention, especially for athletes and those prone to sweaty feet and foot fungus (which can often be a chronic condition).
Deodorant Foot Cream
This cream has added moisturizing benefits due to the manuca oil, jojoba oil and aloe vera components. Gehwol's deodorizing foot cream also has a pleasant scent that doesn't overwhelm your senses. The zinc oxide and manuca extract keep pungent foot odour at bay for up to 24 hours. The zinc oxide also protects sensitive skin and prevents itchiness while ensuring a silky smooth feel.
August 4, 2022
Making a medical appointment can be a hassle. Finding a reliable practitioner, and one that isn’t always booked up, can be a huge challenge (especially in Toronto), and taking time off work in the middle of the day means having to move meetings around. On top of that, we have trade in the cozy, work-from-home track suit and put on – gasp – a pair of jeans. Rough. So, it’s understandable why it’s sometimes tempting to try and treat infections at home.
However, while the internet might tell you otherwise, this is not a good solution for fungal foot infections. Foot fungal infections are not only contagious – they’re extremely stubborn and difficult to treat. Home remedies and over-the-counter solutions are often no match for the fungus hiding behind your nailbed or trapped in your shoes. At-home solutions are more likely to result in recurring or worsening symptoms, and there’s no bigger hassle than an infection that simply won’t go away.
What is a Fungal Foot Infection?
What is a fungal foot infection? Well, it’s a skin infection on the foot or toenail caused by a fungus. One common example is athlete’s foot, which often manifests as a scaley, red rash or translucent, moist skin between toes. Other symptoms can include itching, stinging, burning, and skin that’s dry, cracked, or peeling. Another common fungal foot infection is fungal toenails. With fungal toenails, you might notice nail discoloration (yellow, brown, or white), nail thickening, and a fragile or brittle nail. Both infections can cause foot odor (not ideal).
Can You Ignore a Fungal Infection?
Now in the grand scheme of things, you might notice these symptoms and not think much of them. Sometimes these infections aren’t even that painful. With all the extremely serious health dangers out there – like heart attacks or cancer – it might be easy to write this off as not a big deal. However, while lots of people think foot fungus is just a cosmetic problem, there can be significant health consequences to not getting proper treatment.
Fungal infections can spread, and this might cause an initially not-super-noticeable infection to get seriously painful. Sometimes it can even make it difficult to perform daily tasks like walking or wearing shoes. If left untreated, the infection can spread to other parts of your foot or leg, your other foot, or nearby areas like the groin (ouch). For people with diabetes or certain other conditions that weaken the immune system, the risk of untreated infections entering the blood stream through cracked skin could lead, on the extreme end, to life-threatening complications.
Do At-Home Remedies Work?
Okay, so leaving these infections untreated is a bad idea. But can we avoid the dreaded journey out of the house? The short answer is no – foot fungus can rarely be eradicated and fully treated at home.
There’s good reason to be wary of the many home remedy suggestions found online, and not only because some of them are pretty bizarre. The idea of treating fungal toenails by chopping up garlic and placing it on your toe for 30 minutes a day just sounds like replacing one odor with another. Before you go out and buy Vicks VapoRub, mouthwash, or oregano oil to put on your fungal foot infection, it’s important to know that these home treatments typically don’t work. Fungal foot infections are notoriously stubborn and persistent, particularly ones that occur around the toenails – they’re not going to let a little bit of garlic get them down.
What About Over-The-Counter Medications?
Even over-the-counter medications that can be bought at drug stores only help with the symptoms of minor, early-stage fungal infections. When the fungus is around the toenail, sometimes these anti-fungals can’t even reach the area that most needs treatment. Foot fungus likes to hide behind the toenails and grows in the moisture-rich environment in our shoes and socks. While home remedies or over-the-counter medication might relieve symptoms for a short period of time, it’s more than likely that they’ll just come back worse than before.
How Can I Treat Foot Fungus?
So what should you do if you start noticing symptoms that might be caused by a fungal foot infection? Treatment by a professional is the safest bet, and our clinic is a judgement-free zone if you want to come in wearing that track suit. If you book a visit here at Feet First Clinic, our chiropodists have all the tools to properly manage that fungal foot infection – and even help you keep your feet infection-free in the future. (Plus, we promise not to use any oregano oil).
