What's the Difference Between an Ankle Foot Orthotic and a Regular Orthotic?

Written by Erica Halpern on July 10, 2025

Last updated October 22, 2025

Medically reviewed by Private: Sarah Higgins, D. Ch.

What is an Ankle Foot Orthotic (AFO)?

An ankle foot orthotic (AFO) is a medical-grade brace that supports the foot and ankle. It often extends partway up the calf. Unlike regular foot orthotics—which fit inside shoes to support the arch and heel. AFOs offer external stabilization of both the foot and ankle joints.

AFOs are commonly made of lightweight plastic or carbon fiber and may be custom-made or prefabricated. They assist walking, correct alignment, reduce pain, and help prevent further injury.

Who Needs an AFO?

Image from https://braceworks.ca/ and the Washington Post

AFO’s received mainstream attention a few years ago when NFL quarterback Alex Smith returned to the football field after a catastrophic leg injury. The key to his return: an ankle foot orthotic. Due to a post-surgical infection, the nerve that helps flex the right foot was severed. This meant he couldn’t lift his foot. So he got an AFO to help and made a brief comeback (with the help of an extensive rehab team).

So who exactly needs an AFO? Since AFOs are heftier than regular orthotics, they’re typically recommended for patients with more complex conditions than those addressed by traditional foot orthotics. You might benefit from an AFO brace if you have:

Foot drop (difficulty lifting the front of the foot)
Cerebral palsy or neuromuscular disorders
Stroke-related gait issues
Multiple sclerosis (MS)
Post-surgical ankle instability
Tendon or ligament injuries
Severe arthritis affecting ankle mechanics

Ankle foot orthotics are most commonly indicated for neuromuscular disorders and foot drop.

AFOs v Regular Orthotics: What’s the Difference?

Feature	Regular Orthotics	Ankle Foot Orthotics (AFOs)
Scope	Foot support only	Foot and ankle support
Placement	Inside the shoe (underneath the foot)	Worn underneath and around the foot, and around the ankle
Conditions Treated	Arch pain, plantar fasciitis, overpronation, high arches, other biomechanical irregularities	Neurological and structural gait disorders, severe instability
Customization	Often custom-fit or prefab	Often custom-molded to leg shape
Mobility Support	Moderate	High—can aid in walking and balance

While regular orthotics focus on redistributing pressure and correcting foot mechanics inside the shoe, AFOs provide external control for more complex biomechanical or neurological issues. Think of it as the difference between cushioning a sore spot and physically guiding your limb’s motion.

How Are AFOs Made and Fitted?

AFOs are usually prescribed by a foot specialist or chiropodist after a full assessment. The process may include:

Biomechanical Assessment
Gait analysis
Casting or 3D scanning
Custom fabrication
Fitting and adjustments

Some patients may only need short-term use post-injury or surgery, while others may rely on AFOs for long-term mobility support.

Final Thoughts

If you’ve been told you need more than just arch support or if your walking pattern has changed due to injury or illness, an ankle foot orthotic could be a game-changer. At our clinic, we assess your full biomechanics and work with you to find the right support—whether that’s a custom orthotic, AFO, or a combination of both.

Is An AFO Right For You?

Need help deciding between an orthotic and an AFO? Book an assessment with one of our foot specialists today.

About Author: Erica Halpern

Erica is the operations manager at Feet First Clinic. Since 2021, she has been writing, researching and editing website and social media content. She also oversees Feet First Clinic’s daily and strategic operations to ensure the best possible experience for our clients. Her goal is to ensure patients are equipped with the knowledge and solutions they need to help with their pain.

Learn more about Erica Halpern

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November 27, 2025

Top 5 Ways to Take Care of Your Feet

Your feet do a lot for you — from getting you where you need to go to keeping you active and independent. But they’re often the most overlooked part of your self-care routine. Proper foot care isn’t just about keeping your feet soft or your nails neat; it’s about preventing pain, improving comfort, and supporting your overall health. At Feet First Clinic in Toronto, our chiropodists treat everything from nail and skin concerns to pain and mobility issues. Here are the top five ways to take care of your feet to keep them healthy and strong all year round. 1. Keep Your Feet Clean and Dry Healthy feet start with good hygiene. Wash your feet daily with warm water and mild soap, and don’t forget to clean between the toes. After washing, dry your feet thoroughly — especially between the toes — to help prevent fungal infections like athlete’s foot. If your feet tend to sweat a lot, moisture-wicking socks or antibacterial foot deodorant powder can help keep them dry and fresh. 2. Moisturize to Prevent Cracked Heels and Dry Skin Dry, flaky, or cracked skin on the feet can be uncomfortable and, if left untreated, may lead to infection. Applying a foot cream or urea-based moisturizer daily helps lock in moisture and keeps the skin soft and supple. Focus on the heels and soles, but avoid putting lotion between the toes — excess moisture there can increase the risk of fungal infections. If you have thick, rough skin or painful calluses, a chiropodist at Feet First Clinic can safely debride (shave down) the skin and recommend medical-grade moisturizers to help prevent recurrence. 3. Trim Your Toenails Properly Toenail care is more important than it might seem. Cutting nails too short or rounding the corners can cause ingrown toenails, which are painful and can become infected. Trim your nails straight across and gently file any sharp edges. If your nails are thick, discoloured, or difficult to trim, don’t force it. Our chiropodists have specialized tools to safely and comfortably trim thick toenails, and we can check for signs of fungal infections or other nail concerns. Feet First Tip: The best time to trim your toenails is after a shower when they’re softer and easier to cut. 4. Choose Proper Footwear Your shoes play a huge role in your foot health. Wearing shoes that are too tight, narrow, or unsupportive can lead to corns, calluses, bunions, or heel pain. When buying new shoes, make sure: There’s about a finger’s width of space between your longest toe and the front of the shoe. The heel fits snugly without rubbing or pressure. You can wiggle your toes freely. If you have foot pain, flat feet, or high arches, custom orthotics may be a game-changer. At Feet First Clinic, our chiropodists assess your gait and foot structure to design orthotics that support your body from the ground up. 5. Schedule Regular Foot Checkups Even if your feet feel fine, regular checkups can help prevent problems before they start. Chiropodists are trained to detect and treat a wide range of foot and nail conditions, including: Ingrown and fungal toenails Corns, calluses, and cracked heels Plantar fasciitis and heel pain Diabetic foot complications At Feet First Clinic, we believe prevention is the best medicine. Routine foot care helps maintain comfort, mobility, and confidence — especially as we age or if we spend long hours on our feet. Feet First Tip: If you notice pain, swelling, or changes in your toenails or skin that don’t go away, it’s time to book an appointment. Small issues can quickly become big problems if ignored.

October 30, 2025

All About Extensor Tendonitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Extensor tendonitis is a common foot condition that affects the tendons running along the top of your foot. These tendons connect your muscles to your toes and help lift your toes and foot during walking and other activities. When these tendons become inflamed or irritated, it can lead to pain and difficulty moving your foot comfortably. What Is Extensor Tendonitis? Extensor tendonitis refers to inflammation or irritation of the extensor tendons on the top of the foot. This condition often results from overuse, repetitive strain, or injury. People who are active in sports, wear tight footwear, or have certain foot structures may be more prone to developing extensor tendonitis. Causes of Extensor Tendonitis Overuse: Repetitive activities such as running, jumping, or walking long distances. Improper Footwear: Shoes that are too tight or have insufficient space on the top can compress the tendons. Foot Mechanics: Flat feet, high arches, or gait abnormalities can put extra strain on the tendons. Injury: Trauma or sudden impact to the foot. Underlying Conditions: Arthritis or inflammatory diseases may contribute to tendon irritation. Symptoms of Extensor Tendonitis Pain and tenderness on the top of the foot, especially over the affected tendon. Swelling or redness along the top of the foot. Difficulty lifting the toes or foot. Pain worsens with activity and improves with rest. Occasionally, a burning or tingling sensation. Treatment Options Rest and Activity Modification Avoid activities that aggravate the pain and allow the tendon to heal. Proper Footwear Wear shoes with adequate space in the toe box and good support to reduce pressure on the top of the foot. Ice Therapy Apply ice packs to reduce inflammation and pain. Physical Therapy Stretching and strengthening exercises can improve tendon flexibility and foot mechanics. Orthotics Custom orthotics may help correct biomechanical issues that are causing excess strain on the extensor tendon and muscles on top of the foot. Medication Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can reduce pain and inflammation. When to See a Specialist If pain persists beyond a few weeks or worsens, consult a chiropodist or foot specialist for a biomechanical assessment and personalized treatment plan.

October 2, 2025

Achilles Tendonitis vs Achilles Tendinosis: Understanding Differences, Symptoms, and Treatments

The Achilles tendon is the strongest tendon in the body. It connects your calf muscles to your heel bone and enables activities like walking, running, and jumping. However, it is also prone to injury -particularly from overuse. Two common conditions affecting the Achilles tendon are Achilles tendonitis and Achilles tendinosis. Although their names sound similar, they differ in causes, symptoms, and treatment approaches. Understanding these differences is crucial for effective recovery and prevention. What Is Achilles Tendonitis? Achilles tendonitis is an acute inflammation of the Achilles tendon, typically caused by sudden increased activity or repetitive strain. It results in swelling, pain, and irritation along the tendon. Typical pain in a male jogger`s achilles tendon. XXL size image. Causes of Achilles Tendonitis: Sudden increase in physical activity or intensity Overuse during running or jumping sports Poor footwear Training on hard surfaces Tight calf muscles Poor biomechanics Symptoms of Achilles Tendonitis: Sharp or burning pain along the back of the heel or lower calf Swelling and tenderness over the tendon Stiffness, especially in the morning or after rest Pain worsens with activity What Is Achilles Tendinosis? Achilles tendinosis is a chronic condition characterized by degeneration of the tendon’s collagen fibers without significant inflammation. It often develops after untreated or recurrent Achilles tendonitis and results in thickening and weakening of the tendon. It's essentially what can happen if Achilles tendonitis goes untreated. Causes of Achilles Tendinosis: Repeated micro-tears and poor healing Chronic overuse without adequate rest Aging and reduced blood supply to the tendon Biomechanical abnormalities Symptoms of Achilles Tendinosis: Dull, persistent pain along the tendon Thickened or nodular tendon Decreased strength and flexibility in the calf and ankle Pain may improve with warm-up but worsen with prolonged activity Key Differences Between Tendonitis and Tendinosis FeatureAchilles TendonitisAchilles TendInosisNatureInflammatoryDegenerative (non-inflammatory)DurationAcute or subacuteChronic, long-termTissue ConditionInflamed tendon fibersDegenerated, disorganized fibersPainSharp, localizedDull, diffuseTreatment FocusReduce inflammation, restPromote tendon healing, strengthen Treatment Options For Achilles Tendonitis: Rest and activity modification Ice and anti-inflammatory medications Physical therapy focusing on stretching and strengthening Proper footwear and orthotics Gradual return to activity For Achilles Tendinosis: Eccentric strengthening exercises to stimulate tendon repair Physical therapy and stretching Shockwave therapy or ultrasound treatments Possible use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections Surgery in severe, unresponsive cases Prevention Tips Warm up properly before exercise Gradually increase activity intensity and duration Wear supportive, well-fitting shoes Maintain calf flexibility and strength Avoid running on hard or uneven surfaces when possible

June 12, 2025

Morning Routine for Foot Health, Longevity and Mobility

When we talk about healthy habits, we often focus on nutrition, mental health, or overall fitness. But what about your feet? These often-overlooked heroes carry you through life and they deserve some attention, too. Incorporating a few gentle foot mobility drills into your morning routine can help improve flexibility, reduce stiffness, and set you up for a pain-free day. Let’s explore a few simple daily foot exercises that support longevity and mobility, all in under 10 minutes. Why Morning Foot Rituals Matter After a night of rest, it’s normal for your feet to feel stiff or tight. That’s because circulation slows down when we sleep, and our muscles and joints aren’t being used. A quick morning routine for foot health helps: Improve blood flow Gently wake up foot muscles Prevent long-term issues like plantar fasciitis or joint stiffness Support better balance and stability throughout the day Plus, it feels great — and your feet will thank you! Your 5-Minute Morning Routine for Foot Health These beginner-friendly exercises can be done from your bed, the bathroom counter, or even while you’re waiting for your coffee to brew. 1. Toe Spreads (1 minute) https://youtube.com/shorts/gOwgyrmU6hM?feature=shared Sit or stand comfortably. Spread your toes apart as wide as you can, then release. Repeat 10–15 times.Why it helps: Improves foot strength and activates the smaller intrinsic foot muscles that support balance. 2. Ankle Circles (1 minute per foot) https://youtu.be/qaatVpZy2ek?feature=shared Lift one foot off the ground and gently rotate your ankle clockwise 10 times, then counter-clockwise 10 times. Switch feet.Why it helps: Promotes circulation and joint mobility to counteract morning stiffness. 3. Towel Curls (1–2 minutes) https://youtu.be/toqnSys_JRw?feature=shared Place a small towel on the floor and try to scrunch it toward you using just your toes.Why it helps: Strengthens the arches and enhances coordination in the foot muscles. 4. Calf Stretch with Wall or Step (1–2 minutes) https://youtu.be/utLavyPDnqI?feature=shared Stand with your hands on a wall or place your toes on a step while your heel stays on the ground. Lean forward until you feel a stretch in your calf and Achilles tendon. Hold for 20–30 seconds per leg.Why it helps: Loosens up the back of the leg and heel — essential for preventing plantar fasciitis and Achilles tendonitis. Bonus: Gentle Foot Massage https://youtu.be/BwhGFoHDkUI?feature=shared Before putting on your socks or shoes, use your thumbs or a massage ball to roll out the soles of your feet. Focus on tight spots in the arch and heel. Just 1–2 minutes can make a big difference. Foot Mobility Drills = Long-Term Foot Wellness Incorporating these foot mobility drills into your morning can support not just your feet, but your entire body. Improved foot function leads to better posture, less knee and hip pain, and more stability with every step you take. And remember — consistency is key. Like any good habit, the benefits of daily foot exercises build up over time. Feature Photo by Aljona Ovtšinnikova

May 29, 2025

Can Dehydration Cause Foot Pain? Surprising Ways Water Intake Affects Your Feet

When you think of dehydration, you probably imagine symptoms like dry mouth, fatigue, or dizziness, but what about your feet? It may surprise you to learn that dehydration can directly contribute to foot pain, cramping, and even swelling. Since your feet are at the farthest point from your heart, they rely heavily on healthy circulation and fluid balance to function properly. Let’s take a look at how your water intake affects your fee and why staying hydrated is more important than you might think. 1. Dehydration and Foot Cramps If you’ve ever woken up in the middle of the night with a painful foot cramp, dehydration might be the culprit. Proper hydration is essential for normal muscle function. Without enough fluids, your muscle (especially in your feet and calves) can tighten up unexpectedly. Cramps often occur when your body is low on essential electrolytes like potassium, magnesium, and sodium, which are lost through sweat. Since water helps regulate these minerals, not drinking enough can increase your risk of sudden, painful cramps in the feet. 2. Hydration Supports Circulation in the Feet Good circulation is critical for healthy feet. Water plays a major role in keeping your blood flowing efficiently. When you’re dehydrated, your blood volume decreases, making it harder for your heart to pump blood to the extremities—including your feet. Poor circulation can lead to sensations of numbness, tingling, or a “pins and needles” feeling in your feet. In more severe cases, chronic dehydration could contribute to long-term circulatory problems that make foot pain worse over time. 3. Water Helps Lubricate Joints and Reduce Pain Your feet contain more than 30 joints, all of which rely on synovial fluid for smooth, pain-free movement. Dehydration reduces your body’s ability to produce this fluid, leading to stiff, achy joints—especially in people with arthritis or other joint conditions. Drinking enough water each day can help reduce joint discomfort and improve mobility in your feet and ankles. 4. Is Water Retention the Opposite Problem? Interestingly, dehydration can also lead to swollen feet—but not for the reason you might think. When your body senses it's not getting enough water, it holds onto the fluids it does have. This can result in swelling (also known as water retention) in the feet, ankles, and lower legs. Staying properly hydrated signals your body that it can safely release excess fluids, helping to reduce swelling and bloating in the feet. 5. Tips to Keep Your Feet (and the Rest of You) Hydrated Aim for 8–10 glasses of water per day, and more if you're physically active or it's hot outside. Avoid too much caffeine or alcohol, as these can dehydrate your body. Eat water-rich foods like cucumbers, oranges, and watermelon. Listen to your body—if you're feeling thirsty, you're likely already slightly dehydrated. When to Seek Help If you’re experiencing regular foot pain, cramping, or swelling—especially if increasing your water intake doesn’t help—it’s time to speak with a foot care specialist. At Feet First Clinic, our chiropodists can assess the cause of your symptoms and recommend personalized treatment options to get you back on your feet comfortably. Final Thoughts Dehydration doesn’t just leave you feeling tired—it can seriously impact your foot health. From muscle cramps to water retention, the way you hydrate has a direct effect on how your feet feel and function. So next time your feet are aching or swollen, take a moment to consider your water intake. A simple increase in hydration might be the first step toward relief.

May 15, 2025

How Gut Health Affects Foot Pain: Exploring the Inflammation Connection

Gut Inflammation and Foot Pain – What’s the Link? Foot pain is often blamed on overuse or injury—but new research highlights a less obvious cause: gut health. Specifically, gut inflammation and foot pain are more connected than you might expect. When the gut lining becomes compromised, harmful particles can leak into the bloodstream, triggering systemic inflammation. This inflammation may impact muscles, joints, and soft tissues—especially in the feet, where stress is frequent. Systemic Inflammation and Plantar Fasciitis One of the most common causes of heel pain, plantar fasciitis, is already driven by inflammation. But when systemic inflammation is present due to poor gut health, it can make symptoms worse and recovery slower. People with inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis or inflammatory bowel disease often experience foot pain, suggesting a deeper, whole-body link. Reducing systemic inflammation through gut care may provide relief for conditions like plantar fasciitis. Gut Microbiome and Joint Health in the Feet The gut microbiome—the complex ecosystem of bacteria in your digestive tract—plays a critical role in regulating inflammation and immune response. When the microbiome is imbalanced (a condition known as dysbiosis), inflammation can increase, affecting joint health across the body, including in the feet and ankles. Emerging studies show a strong connection between gut microbiome and joint health, indicating that good gut bacteria may help reduce chronic foot pain linked to inflammation. Nutrient Absorption: A Key to Musculoskeletal Foot Health Beyond inflammation, poor gut health also affects how your body absorbs nutrients, such as: Vitamin D Magnesium Omega-3 fatty acids These nutrients are essential for maintaining strong bones, muscles, and connective tissues. A gut that’s not absorbing nutrients efficiently could contribute to foot fatigue, pain, or slow injury recovery. How to Support Gut Health for Better Foot Health If you're dealing with persistent foot pain—especially conditions like plantar fasciitis—supporting your gut could be a game changer. Here are some steps to consider: Adopt an anti-inflammatory diet: Reduce processed foods, sugar, and excess alcohol. Add probiotics and fiber: These help maintain a balanced gut microbiome. Stay hydrated and active: Movement supports both gut motility and foot health. Get tested: A healthcare provider can check for nutrient deficiencies or inflammatory markers. By improving your gut health, you may also be reducing the underlying inflammation contributing to your foot issues. When to See a Chiropodist Foot pain shouldn’t be ignored. If your discomfort persists despite footwear changes or home remedies, a professional assessment is key. At Feet First Clinic, we look at the bigger picture—including possible systemic factors like gut health that may be influencing your pain. Final Thoughts on Gut Health and Foot Pain The body is more interconnected than we often realize. Research on gut inflammation and foot pain, systemic inflammation and plantar fasciitis, and the gut microbiome’s role in joint health is still growing—but one thing is clear: taking care of your gut may help your feet feel better too. Featured Photo by Sora Shimazaki

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What’s the Difference Between an Ankle Foot Orthotic and a Regular Orthotic?

What is an Ankle Foot Orthotic (AFO)?

Who Needs an AFO?

AFOs v Regular Orthotics: What’s the Difference?

How Are AFOs Made and Fitted?

Final Thoughts

Is An AFO Right For You?

About Author: Erica Halpern

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Related Posts

Top 5 Ways to Take Care of Your Feet

All About Extensor Tendonitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Achilles Tendonitis vs Achilles Tendinosis: Understanding Differences, Symptoms, and Treatments

Morning Routine for Foot Health, Longevity and Mobility

Can Dehydration Cause Foot Pain? Surprising Ways Water Intake Affects Your Feet

How Gut Health Affects Foot Pain: Exploring the Inflammation Connection

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