4 Reasons You Have Pain on the Bottom of Your Foot

Written by Bianca Charles on October 16, 2019

Last updated April 3, 2024

Pain on the bottom of your foot can significantly alter your lifestyle.

Because so much of what we do every day involves our feet, it’s important to take the proper precautions and treatments to ensure our feet are feeling at its best. But, because we’re on them so much, whether it’s for work, exercise, or for pleasure, our feet are susceptible to injury.

Below, we break down four common injuries and reasons for why you may be experiencing pain on the underside of your foot.

Plantar fasciitis

Plantar fasciitis is one of the most common injuries among runners, let alone the general population. The pain comes from irritation of the plantar fascia, a thick tissue on the bottom of the foot. You generally feel pain in the heel and the arch.

If you experience plantar fasciitis, follow the RICE method – rest, ice, compression, and elevation. Giving your body rest allows the inflammation to go down, and for the irritation of the tissue to subside.

An additional trick: fill a bottle full of water and freeze it. Once frozen, while sitting, rest your foot on the bottle and roll back and forth. This acts as both a massage tool to break up the tissue and encourage blood flow, as well as a way to reduce inflammation with cold therapy.

Depending on the circumstance, custom orthotics may also help with plantar fasciitis by providing additional heel support. Ill-fitting footwear could be one of the causes of the injury in the first place, so a simple solution like new shoes or orthotics may be your best bet. Additional prevention measures include calf raises, foot doming and towel pickups.

If you have persistent heel pain, schedule a diagnostic assessment with our own licensed Chiropodists (foot specialists), use the booking form below or call 416-769-FEET(3338).

Heel spurs

A heel spur is a bony outgrowth on the underside of the heel. A spur could be the reason you experience pain on the bottom of your foot.

If you experience intense heel pain that seems to get worse over time, a heel spur may be the culprit. Heel swelling and a visible bump on your heel are also signs that you may be experiencing a heel spur.

Unfortunately, without surgery, there’s no way to remove a heel spur. But, with the proper treatments and precautions, you can limit the damage and pain associated with the injury. Stretching and strengthening exercises, properly fitted custom orthotics, over-the-counter insoles, and taking ill-fitting footwear out of rotation can all help with heel spurs.

Typically, as is the case with most injuries, heel spurs develop because of overuse. Recurrent strain on the muscles, tendons, and ligaments that connect to the heel bone can cause heel spurs . In response to stress, the heel bone “fortifies” itself by depositing extra bone on the existing bone.

If you experience pain in the toe area, a bone spur in that area may too be the culprit.

Morton’s Neuroma

Have you ever felt like there’s a pebble in your shoe that you can’t seem to get rid of? It may be Morton’s neuroma.

Morton’s neuroma is a type of nerve compression syndrome which involves nerves in the lesser toes. It is characterized by fibrosis and thickening of nerve tissue between the third and fourth intermetatarsal space and is a result of repetitive trauma. Pain is typically in the area between the third and fourth toes.

Because of the area of the injury, ill-fitting shoes, specifically those with a narrow toe box, can be the cause. By forcing your toes inwards and squeezing them into a small area, you put more pressure on your third and fourth toes.

According to the Mayo Clinic, high-heeled shoes have been linked to the development of Morton’s neuroma. Many people experience relief by switching to lower heeled shoes with wider toe boxes. Sometimes corticosteroid injections or surgery may be necessary.

Common treatment methods include custom orthotics, wearing shoes with a wider toe box, like Altras for example, and using metatarsal pads, which are placed under the ball of the foot and act to open the intermetatarsal space and reduce irritation of nerve tissue.

Sesamoiditis

There are many types of tendonitis in the foot, but sesamoiditis is pain in the tendons close to your big toe. This type of pain is prominent in athletes including gymnasts and runners because of the pressure on the ball of the feet.

According to Healthline, the primary symptom of sesamoiditis is pain that develops under the ball of the foot. The pain tends to build gradually, and you may notice some swelling or bruising. Often, bending and straightening your big toe can be difficult, and you may experience popping sensations when you walk.

As tendonitis is inflammation and overuse of the tendons, sesamoiditis is exactly that: overuse of the tendons near your big toe. Also, tenderness near your toes is a sign as is the toe’s flexibility. Typically, mild cases of sesamoiditis are treated with rest, ice and anti-inflammatory medicines. If pain persists, visit a professional to be properly diagnosed and for best next steps.

Our Toronto foot clinic is open Monday-Friday 10 a.m.- 7 p.m., Saturdays 10 a.m.-4 p.m.

You do not need a referral to become a patient at our foot clinic.

We are located at 2481 Bloor Street West

Have pain on the top of your foot and not the bottom? Read about why you might be experiencing pain on the top of your foot.

Everything You Need for Healthy Feet - All Under One Roof

At Feet First Clinic, we’re always excited to welcome new clients! We’re Toronto’s one-stop-shop for all your foot-related needs. For 15 years, our staff and licensed chiropodists have been helping people with their feet. From foot care to foot pain to foot products – we do it all! Give us a call to ask our friendly staff any questions you may have! Our Toronto foot specialists are ready to help!

Call us at 416-769-3338 or Book Your Assessment Today!

About Author: Bianca Charles

With 15 years of dedicated experience in podiatry, Bianca Carter offers a wealth of knowledge and expertise at Feet First Clinic. Throughout her career, Bianca has worked closely with leading chiropodists, continually deepening her understanding of all aspects of foot care.

Learn more about Bianca Charles

PrevPrevious Heel Spur: Causes and Prevention

NextNext Scotiabank Toronto Waterfront Marathon

March 27, 2025

How Tight Calves Affect Your Body

Tight calves and foot health go hand in hand (or should we say foot in foot?). Our body parts are intricately connected, meaning discomfort in one area can lead to issues elsewhere. Likewise, muscle strain and fatigue in the lower legs can wreak havoc on the feet and other body parts if ignored for too long. Let’s explore the symptoms and causes of tight calves, how tight calves affect the body and feet, and how a chiropodist or podiatrist can help you manage pain. Tight Calves: What Are They? "Tight calves" is a general term describing the sensation of stiffness, pain and tension in the muscles at the back of the lower leg, often leading to restricted movement that affects your daily life. This tightness can manifest as muscle pain and stiffness when walking, balance issues, and more. Tight calves and posture even have a connection! Anatomy of the Calf Muscles The calf comprises two primary muscles: Gastrocnemius: The primary or chief muscle in the calf. It’s located on the back of your leg, relatively close to the skin’s surface. This superficial muscle has two heads, medial and lateral. It helps flex the knee and foot, and also plays a crucial role in walking and posture. Soleus: Located beneath the gastrocnemius, this wide and flat muscle is deeper, and originates from the posterior tibia while connecting to the Achilles tendon above the heel. This group helps stabilize ankle during activities like walking and running. Understanding the structure and function of these may be helpful in determining the cause of calf muscle tension. What Causes Calf Pain? Pain in the lower part of the back of the legs does not always feel the same. It may some on suddenly, or nag at you all day by way of a mild, dull ache. The former is often the result of a sudden injury or sharp movement, whereas the latter can build over time, resulting from lifestyle choices like wearing unsupportive shoes or working out too hard. Here are some common causes of calf pain: Muscle Cramps. Sudden, involuntary contractions of the calf muscles, known as cramps, can cause significant tightness and discomfort. These cramps may result from factors such as dehydration, general muscle fatigue, or electrolyte imbalances. Overuse. Engaging in repetitive activities that involve a lot of running or jumping can overwork the calf muscles and make them feel tight. This is especially common when increasing training intensity or duration without allowing yourself to rest. Muscle Strain. Overstretching or tearing the calf muscles, often due to sudden movements or excessive force, can result in tightness, pain, and swelling. Non-supportive and Ill-fitting Footwear. Shoes lacking arch support, shock absorption, or cushioning force the muscles to work harder with every step. Without proper arch support, the foot may put excessive strain on the calf muscles as they attempt to stabilize the lower leg. A lack of shock absorption further increases the impact of the ground on the feet and legs. Similarly, insufficient cushioning fails to distribute pressure evenly, leading to increased stress on the calves, especially during prolonged standing or walking. Poor Ankle Mobility. Limited flexibility in the ankle joint can place additional strain on the calf muscles, contributing to tightness. Some causes include having a history of ankle injuries or arthritis. Pre-existing Gait Abnormalities and Foot Type. Overpronation (excessive inward foot rolling — common in flat feet) or underpronation (excessive outward foot rolling — common with high arches), can lead to calf muscle tightness due to altered mechanics and increased strain. Dehydration and Mineral Deficiencies. Lack of adequate fluids or essential minerals like potassium, magnesium, and calcium can lead to muscle cramps and tightness in the calves. Inactivity. Prolonged periods of inactivity or sedentary behavior can cause the calf muscles to become tight due to lack of regular movement and stretching. Venous Insufficiency. Conditions like deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or varicose veins can cause calf tightness, as well as general venous insufficiency. How Tight Calves Affect the Body and Feet We can feel the effects of tight calf muscles in more ways than one. Our feet can become weaker, more vulnerable and fatigued, sometimes leading to a foot condition we didn’t have before. Tight calves can also cause experience mysterious back and knee pain. Here are common additional problems can arise from strain in the lower legs. Joint Pain Tight calves can have a significant impact on the body's overall alignment, posture and movement, often leading to joint pain in the knees, back, and feet. When the calf muscles are tight, they restrict proper ankle dorsiflexion (a term for backward, upward bending). When ankle mobility is restricted, the body may lean forward slightly to maintain balance, causing strain on the lower back muscles and leading to chronic discomfort. This abnormality can put excessive strain on other joints, like in the knees. This perfect storm of joint problems and limited movement can contribute to conditions like osteoarthritis over time. Biomechanical Foot Conditions The feet often bear the brunt of tight calf muscles, as they have to absorb additional stress during movement. Calf pain can cause a disrupt our running or walking gait as we try to move through the pain. Further, since our calf muscles connect our knees to our ankles, when the calves become tight it puts strain on the ankle. This disrupts our foot mechanics and can cause painful, chronic overuse injuries like plantar fasciitis and Achilles tendonitis. In fact, tight calves is one of the leading contributing factors to Achilles tendonitis and plantar fasciitis. Increased Risk of Injury Aching, tense muscles are more susceptible to further strains and tears, in addition to also causing balance problems as you struggle with pain. All of this combined can be a recipe for disaster and lead to a slip or fall (especially in seniors) that may cause even more damage, like a broken bone. Tight calf muscles can also contribute to more mild conditions like shin splints (repetitive stress on the shin bone) and generally hinder athletic performance. Circulatory Problems The calf muscles assist in pumping blood back to the heart from the lower extremities. Tightness in these muscles can impede this process, resulting in swelling in the feet and ankles and, in severe cases, contributing to circulatory problems. How to Treat Tight Calves: Muscle Tightness and Foot Care https://www.youtube.com/shorts/sNdIAxZNOn8 A foot care professional can help with calf tightness and pain. With their guidance and your determination to improve your foot and leg health, you can live and move comfortably. Let’s explore some options. Compression Stockings Wearing medical-grade compression stockings can improve circulation in the lower legs, reducing muscle fatigue and tightness and giving your lower extremities a healthy, comforting and energizing boost. They work by applying gentle pressure to the legs, which helps prevent blood pooling and promotes better oxygen delivery to the muscles. Compression therapy is especially useful for individuals who spend long hours on their feet, live a sedentary lifestyle, spend prolonged periods sitting while travelling, pregnant women, or those with conditions like varicose veins. A physician can determine the right level of compression based on your specific needs. Custom Orthotics Custom orthotics can help address underlying biomechanical issues that contribute to tight calves. A chiropodist can assess foot structure to design orthotics that conform to your feet, and yours alone, providing tailored support and alignment for your unique needs. By correcting imbalances and reducing strain on the lower leg muscles, orthotics can help alleviate tightness and prevent further discomfort. These devices can be particularly beneficial for individuals with flat feet, high arches, or abnormal gait patterns that place excessive stress on the calves. Proper Footwear Shoes with adequate arch support, cushioning, and shock absorption that redistributes pressure away from the heel can help keep your feet comfortable, maintain proper lower limb alignment and reduce strain on the calf muscles. Chiropodists and podiatrists often advise against wearing unsupportive footwear like flip-flops or high heels for prolonged periods, as they can contribute to muscle tightness and discomfort in the calves and feet. Strengthening Exercises and Stretching Programs A structured exercise program focusing on calf flexibility and strength can significantly reduce tightness. Chiropodists can recommend targeted stretches that target the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles — helping improve range of motion in the lower leg and fighting off stiffness. Calf raises in particular (see demonstration below) can enhance muscle endurance and prevent recurring tightness. Incorporating these exercises into a daily routine can improve mobility and reduce the likelihood of calf-related discomfort. Some other good examples of stretches for calf muscles include the Soleus Stretch and Heel Stands. Click the links for Feet First Clinic demonstrations! https://www.youtube.com/shorts/ZVSfzY6so8w

March 13, 2025

Do Flat Feet Cause Bunions?

Flat feet are a condition in and of themselves. However, flat feet also have an impact on future foot health and can lead to other more painful foot conditions. But can flat feet really cause bunions? While it seems unlikely that a toe deformity can be linked to a flat arch, you'd be surprised how interconnected our lower extremities are, especially the feet! Today’s article will explore how flat feet cause bunions, what you can do to prevent them, and how a foot specialist like a Chiropodist or Podiatrist can provide treatment. What are Flat Feet? Flat feet, or pes planus, cause the entire sole or most of it to contact the ground when standing and walking. For some people, this condition can extend into adulthood from childhood (children have flat feet before the arch forms) when the arch fails to form.When you have normal arches, they provide an elastic, springy connection between the forefoot and the hindfoot, allowing forces incurred during weight-bearing to be distributed properly. When these arches don’t exist, this mechanism is disrupted, leading to pain and other complications. What are Bunions? https://www.youtube.com/shorts/sXF8lWHad0g Bunions, or hallux valgus, are bony protrusions that form on the inside edge of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint at the base of the big toe. They develop when pressure causes the big toe to deviate toward the second toe, resulting in a misalignment of the joint. Emerging research indicates that hypermobility in the midfoot (specifically the mid-tarsal joint between the navicular and the base of the first metatarsal) may be a key underlying factor in the development of bunions, and this hypermobility is often genetic. Common Bunion Causes and Risk Factors: Ill-Fitting Footwear: Wearing the wrong shoes for years is a major risk factor for most foot conditions, especially bunions. Wearing tight, narrow, or high-heeled shoes can exacerbate pressure on the big toe joint, contributing to bunion formation. Your toes need space to splay and rest comfortably! Gender and Age: Women, particularly those over 60, are more prone to developing bunions, generally due to decades spent making poor footwear choices, or possibly due to hormonal influences that affect the ligaments in the foot. Inflammatory Conditions: Diseases like rheumatoid arthritis can cause joint inflammation, which increases stress on the big toe and the risk of bunions. Foot Injuries: Trauma to the foot can alter its mechanics, leading to bunion development. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/KZiVzLyBUMo Flat Feet and Bunions: The Connection If you’re not proactive, the shape of your foot arch can have a big impact on our foot health over time. You may know that flat feet can lead to plantar fasciitis, and you may also know that high arches can lead to back pain, but our arch shape can affect us in countless ways. Let’s talk about the science behind why a flat foot can lead to a painful bunion. It all boils down to flat feet causing an abnormal gait (walking pattern), and the damage caused by walking with that abnormal pattern for a long period of time.The structural anomaly of flat feet and barely having an arch, or no arch at all, can significantly impact foot mechanics—particularly during walking. In a typical gait cycle, the foot pronates (rolls inward) to absorb shock and then supinates (rolls outward) to create a rigid lever for propulsion. Individuals with flat feet often experience overpronation, where the foot remains excessively rolled inward during the push-off phase. The altered biomechanics increases pressure on the first MTP joint, leading to instability and misalignment. Over time, this persistent stress can cause the big toe to deviate toward the second toe, resulting in a bunion. Moreover, flat feet can lead to muscle imbalances that exacerbate bunion formation. Weakness in the intrinsic foot muscles (a group of tiny muscles inside the foot) and the tibialis posterior muscle (a muscle in your lower leg) compromises arch support, worsening overpronation. This chain reaction places additional strain on the big toe joint, accelerating bunion development. Therefore, the combination of altered foot mechanics and muscle imbalances associated with flat feet plays a significant role in the development and progression of bunions. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/pdyv58z1D2Y Preventing Bunions With Flat Feet First and foremost, it’s all about the shoes! Selecting footwear that fits properly with a wide toe box and adequate arch support is crucial. A spacious toe box prevents crowding of the toes, reducing pressure on the big toe joint and minimizing the risk of bunion formation. Adequate arch support helps maintain proper foot alignment, distributing weight evenly and alleviating stress on MTP joint. Avoiding high heels and narrow shoes is essential, as they can exacerbate foot misalignment and increase the likelihood of developing bunions. Incorporating custom orthotics can provide even more arch support if you have flat feet. These orthotics help correct overpronation—which we know now is a common issue—by stabilizing the foot's movement during the gait cycle and keeping it in neutral alignment. By improving foot alignment, orthotics reduce undue pressure on the big toe joint, reducing your risk of bunion development. Lastly, Engaging in specific exercises can strengthen the muscles supporting the foot arch, enhancing stability and function. These exercises should aim to: Strengthen Foot Muscles: Targeting the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the foot to provide better support for the arch and improve overall foot stability. Improve Flexibility: Enhancing the range of motion in the toes, feet, and ankles to prevent stiffness and reduce strain on the MTP joint. Enhance Balance and Coordination: Developing proprioception to ensure proper foot placement and gait mechanics, thereby reducing the risk of misalignment. Regular practice of these exercises can improve foot biomechanics, reduce overpronation, and subsequently lower the risk of bunions. See below for an example of a great flat foot exercise. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/whJ3TZAOn00 Foot Clinic Bunion Care If you already struggle with bunions and foot pain, don’t worry; there are plenty of options available to you. Bunions cannot be reversed after they form, but they can be managed with guided care from a podiatrist or chiropodist. The goal is to avoid invasive surgical intervention while still preventing bunions from impacting your daily life as much as possible. Most of these bunion treatment options are available at our downtown Toronto foot clinic: Footwear Modification. Wearing shoes with a wide toe box and avoiding high heels can help reduce pressure on the bunion. Orthopedic shoes designed to accommodate bunions provide additional support and comfort. Anti-inflammatory Medication. Over-the-counter NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen, can help reduce inflammation and alleviate pain associated with bunions. Bunion Splints and Aligners. Devices like bunion splints and toe spacers can help realign the big toe and reduce discomfort. They can provide symptomatic relief, and you can try a more rigid device if your bunion is severe. Therapeutic Taping. Applying tape to the foot can help maintain proper alignment and reduce strain on the bunion, providing temporary relief from pain and inflammation. Shoe Stretching. Professional shoe stretching can create additional space in the shoe, reducing pressure on the bunion without altering the overall size of the footwear. Supportive Insoles or Custom Orthotics. Custom orthotics can provide support to the arches and correct faulty biomechanics. This can potentially slow the progression of bunions by reducing pressure on the first MTP joint. Bunion Exercises. Strengthening foot muscles through specific exercises can improve joint stability and decrease bunion-related pain. Try these 5 simple exercises for bunions. Shockwave Therapy: This non-invasive treatment can address tight muscles and soft tissue injuries associated with bunions. This can potentially reduce pain and improve function. Implementing these non-surgical interventions can significantly alleviate discomfort and slow the progression of bunions, enhancing overall foot health and quality of life. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/8g43ZWreZ1g

March 6, 2025

Palmoplantar Keratoderma: What is it?

Figuratively speaking, it’s a good thing to have “thick skin,” right? But if you have palmoplantar keratoderma, it’s a different story. This condition, sometimes shortened to PPK, refers to a group of foot skin disorders characterized by thick, rough, and yellowed skin on the hand palms and feet soles. These conditions can be either inherited or acquired. In today’s article, we’ll explore the symptoms, causes, and, most importantly, the treatment options available. This type of skin thickening may warrant a trip to a foot clinic and the expertise of a foot care professional, such as a Chiropodist or Podiatrist. However, successful treatment may depend on the underlying cause of the skin thickening. What is Palmoplantar Keratoderma? This condition combines two scientific terms: palmoplantar, which specifically refers to the skin on the soles of the feet and the palms of the hands, and keratoderma, a term for epidermis (skin) thickening. In less common cases, transgradient keratoderma can affect the top of the hands and feet. The feet are usually more severely affected than the hands. Palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) causes thickened skin on the palms and soles due to an overproduction of keratin, the protein that forms the outer layer of the skin. Normally, keratin helps protect the skin from friction, pressure, and environmental damage. However, in PPK, something disrupts the balance of keratin production and shedding, leading to excessive buildup. This happens because of genetic mutations or external factors that affect how skin cells grow and mature. Inherited forms of PPK often involve mutations in genes that control keratin formation or the connections between skin cells. These mutations make the skin cells more resistant to breaking down, so they pile up instead of naturally shedding. Since the palms and soles experience the most pressure and friction in daily life, they are especially prone to this excessive keratin buildup. Over time, the thickened skin can cause pain or become hard and cracked, depending on the severity of the condition. Some types can also cause blisters to form. Types of Palmoplantar Keratoderma and Associated Symptoms https://www.youtube.com/shorts/-iNFLGednYY Genetic (hereditary) keratoderma is usually divided into three main categories: diffuse, affecting the entire hand palm and foot sole; focal, where thickening is limited to pressure points; and punctate, which appears as small, hard lesions. Some genetic PPKs - particularly diffuse - are syndromic, meaning they are associated with other health conditions and additional symptoms, ranging from hearing loss to nail abnormalities to internal organ damage. Acquired PPK, on the other hand, is always syndromic and develops later in life due to external factors such as infections, inflammatory diseases, or underlying systemic conditions like internal malignancies. Acquired forms may be easier to treat since you and your healthcare team can address the underlying cause. Acquired PPK is also more common than genetic, since there are more causes and risk factors associated with it. Most types of PPK cause varying degrees of thick skin, potential foot odor (as a result of sweat combined with thick skin) and yellow/discoloured skin. Genetic PPK Types and Symptoms Diffuse PPK This form presents with even thickened skin on the palms and soles, often with a red border at the edges. Symptoms typically appear in early childhood and may include excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis). The thickening is usually confined to the palms and soles, without extending to the tops of the hands or feet. Focal PPK This type is characterized by linear (striate) thickened areas on the palms and soles, often following the lines of skin tension. It is typically caused by mutations in genes encoding desmosomal proteins, which are crucial for cell adhesion. A specific type of focal PPK called Pachyonychia Congenita is a rare genetic disorder that can also cause thick toenails. Punctate PPK This form is characterized by multiple small, hard, corn-like lesions scattered on the palms and soles. It is associated with mutations in genes that play a role in skin cell function. Acquired PPK Types and Symptoms PPK from Infections (syphilis, etc) Rough, scaly and yellow thickening on the palms and soles. May come with a rash or other symptoms affecting the whole body. Clears up when the infection is treated. PPK from Inflammatory Skin Conditions (psoriasis, eczema) Thickened, inflamed skin with redness and scaling. Can extend beyond just the palms and soles. Often improves with medicated creams or treatments that calm the immune system. PPK Linked to Other Health Conditions (cancer, hormone disorders) Yellow thickening of the palms and soles that appears suddenly in adulthood. Can sometimes signal an underlying health issue, like cancer. Needs further medical evaluation to check for possible internal diseases. What is the Difference Between Palmoplantar Keratoderma and Calluses? PPK is not the only cause of skin thickening on the feet and hands. In fact, it is more rare than another common culprit: calluses. But how do you know which condition you have? Calluses are localized areas of thickened skin that develop as a protective response to repeated friction or pressure. Commonly found on individuals who are physically active or spend long hours wearing ill-fitting shoes, they are much less severe than PPK. PPK tends to be thicker and more noticeable, alarming and unsightly than calluses, often covering a larger, symmetrical area on the palms and soles. It can appear hard and more yellow, or red and flaky. In some PPK cases, you may observe a red band at the edges of the thickened skin. Calluses can have a more mild appearance (but not always; they can sometimes be thick and painful!), with some people not even realizing they have them. Does that mean that PPK is the same as having excessive calluses? Not exactly. Calluses are only caused by friction and pressure----whereas PPK always has a driving force behind it, whether it's a genetic mutation or the result of an illness. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/yBACD8bUim0 Palmoplantar Keratoderma Treatment: Can a Chiropodist or Podiatrist Help? While there is no outright cure for certain forms of PPK, Chiropodists and Podiatrists can help manage symptoms, reduce discomfort, and improve mobility. This typically involves regular debridement (carefully removing excess skin), possibly prescribing medicinal products, and offering footwear advice to minimize friction and pressure. The latter may also include prescribing custom orthotics to properly distribute pressure on the bottom of the feet, especially if the thickened skin is impacting daily life. Scheduling an initial assessment is a good start! Naturally, since PPK can be linked to an underlying condition, more comprehensive care may be needed. A Chiropodist or Podiatrist might become a part of a broader team of healthcare professionals that can help you, including a dermatologist, your family doctor or other specialists trained to tackle the root cause. You may need advanced treatments such as topical retinoids, corticosteroids, or even laser therapy in some cases. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/sBIdll7qylQ

February 27, 2025

The Connection Between High Arches and Back Pain

Dealing with high arches and back pain can be a challenging combination, as the two are more connected than they seem. Understanding how high arches contribute to back pain is key to finding effective treatments and preventing further issues. Whether you’re dealing with foot pain, back pain, or posture problems, addressing high arches can significantly improve overall comfort and protect the rest of your body—especially your back. What are High Arches? https://www.youtube.com/shorts/osC-UmBtgNk High arches (or cavus foot or pes cavus) is a condition where the foot has an abnormally pronounced arch (as opposed to a flat foot or a normal arch). Having high arches can be due to simple genetics, inheriting structural abnormalities in the foot from your parents. They can also be caused by several neuromuscular disorders, which are conditions (ranging from mild to severe) that cause dysfunction or muscle weakness and leave certain muscles inactive. High arches generally develop during or after childhood when the flat feet most children have start to take shape and the foot arch forms. In some cases, idiopathic pes cavus occurs without a known cause (like genetics or neuromuscular disorders), and is just a case of simple variations in bone and ligament structure. A pronounced foot arch is usually quite discrete, aesthetically, and isn’t a serious condition. However, high arches are a common cause of foot pain and discomfort. High arches put extra pressure on the heel and ball of the foot, affecting normal pressure distribution and making it harder to absorb shock properly. This can lead to heel pain (plantar fasciitis— which is also commonly linked to flat feet feet), arch pain, and more, as the muscles and ligaments supporting the foot work overtime to stabilize each step, leading to inflammation or strain. High arches often cause the foot to roll outward, a motion known as supination. This can place extra stress on the ankles and knees, further disrupting alignment and increasing the risk of injuries like sprains and shin splints. It’s important to schedule an assessment with a foot specialist, like a podiatrist or chiropodist, if having high arches affects your daily life. The Connection Between High Arches and Back Pain https://www.youtube.com/shorts/7m3SQ5dXaeg A pronounced arch can also lead to back pain. But how do high arches affect the back when the two areas seem relatively far apart? The answer lies in how the body stays balanced. Many foot problems, not just high arches, often cause back pain—along with knee, leg, and ankle discomfort—because the feet serve as the body's foundation (carrying your weight) and closest connection to the ground. When that foundation is misaligned and overworked, the entire body has to compensate, leading to strain in other areas. Simply put, everything is connected, and the feet play a crucial role in maintaining functionality throughout our body’s kinetic connection! When it comes to the back, pain and poor posture often coexist. As we know, when the arches are too high, they can throw off the body's natural alignment, affecting the way you stand and walk. Uneven weight distribution forces the lower body to compensate, which can lead to foot pain and posture issues over time. The strain on the feet may cause the ankles to supinate, shifting stress to the knees and hips. This misalignment can travel up the spine, making it harder to maintain proper posture and increasing the risk of chronic discomfort. Without proper shock absorption, the impact of each step travels up through the joints, leading to tension in the lower back and shoulders. Over time, these small imbalances can create lasting posture problems, making everyday movements more difficult. Treating High Arches and High Arch-Related Back Pain When you treat high arches, you’re also preventing any potential back pain that may occur further down the road. But if you already struggle with high-arch related back pain, you can still focus on treatment methods that simultaneously target both issues. Video Gait Analysis https://www.youtube.com/shorts/Rhuga6vLdc0 This is when a Chiropodist or Podiatrist assesses your walking patterns (also known as your gait) using video gait analysis equipment. It can give foot care professionals insight into the potential damage your high arches could cause, so they can recommend preventative treatments. Custom Orthotics and Insoles A Podiatrist or Chiropodist can prescribe custom orthotics that you can wear inside your shoes. They will provide much-needed arch support, distribute weight evenly, and reduce strain on the feet and spine. Another option is over-the-counter Superfeet insoles, with the Superfeet Green: All Purpose High Arch being a good choice to ask your foot specialist about. Supportive Footwear Look for shoes with good arch support, cushioning, and shock absorption to minimize impact on joints. People with high arches should wear shoes with flexible midsoles or rocker soles to improve movement and reduce strain. Cushioning running shoes with shock absorption help counteract supination, ensuring even pressure distribution and healthy biomechanics. Avoid high heels, rigid soles, and unsupportive flats, as they can increase discomfort. Read more about the link between footwear and back pain. Stretching and Strengthening Exercises https://www.youtube.com/shorts/-EeyHTdkrEs Targeting the feet, calves, and lower back can improve flexibility and stability, reducing pain. Some of the best include towel stretches (where you place a towel under your foot arch and pull towards you), seated toe pulls (pulling the top of your foot towards you - see above!), ankle circles and massage ball rolls (rolling your foot arch on a therapeutic massage ball). You can read more about them, including how to perform them, here. You can also try clamshells on an exercise mat with your ankles together (this will also help soothe hip pain. See below for a demonstration! https://www.youtube.com/shorts/ZODK0Q4zOws

January 9, 2025

4 Tips For Living With High Arches

Living with high arches can be a challenge, but if you pay attention to your foot health, you can manage them effectively. Let’s explore what high arches are, their impact, and our top 4 tips for living with high arches. What Are High Arches? https://www.youtube.com/shorts/13rmyA18ZzY High arches (pes cavus) is a condition where one has - you guessed it - abnormally high foot arches. They are essentially the opposite of flat feet, which are characterized by having a minimal or non-existent arch. High arches may be hereditary or caused by neurological disorders such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. From a biomechanical perspective, the raised arch reduces the surface area in contact with the ground, which can result in an uneven distribution of weight across the foot. High arches often place excessive pressure on the ball and heel of the foot, leading to discomfort, instability, potential injuries and chronic foot conditions. High arches also impairs shock absorption, which causes progressive wear-and-tear on the joints over time. Side effects of high arches include foot pain, issues like calluses and hammertoes, and an increased risk of ankle sprains. Individuals can also develop conditions like plantar fasciitis (this can also frequently occur in people with flat feet), or Achilles tendonitis due to the strain placed on the muscles and ligaments. The lack of shock absorption can also reverberate up the body and lead to joint disorders like arthritis. High arches are associated with supination, also called underpronation, a condition where the foot rolls outward during movement. This gait pattern places additional stress on the outer edges of the foot and ankle, leading to instability and overuse injuries. Consequently, individuals with high arches should pay close attention to their walking or running patterns to prevent long-term complications. High arches can also lead to changes in posture and gait. This, combined with the lack of shock absorption, may result in secondary issues such as knee, hip, or back pain over time. Tips for Living with High Arches https://www.youtube.com/shorts/2et0ZUSx4OM Living with high arches requires thoughtful adjustments to your daily routine and habits. Here are some ways to keep your feet comfortable and supported: 1. Choose the Right Footwear Proper footwear is essential for managing high arches. Opt for shoes with ample shock absorption, arch support and cushioning. Shoes with flexible midsoles or rocker soles can also be very helpful: People with high arches tend to have rigidity in the toes and ankles due to joint wear-and-tear, which means the toes and ankles do not flex as much as it should during the gait cycle. A flexible midsole and rocker sole counteracts this and make movement easier. Likewise, people with high arches should avoid high heels, rigid soles, and unsupportive flats, which can exacerbate discomfort. Due to supination, people should look for cushioning running shoes. These provide balanced cushioning and plenty of shock absorption and flexibility to support the foot’s natural motion and healthy biomechanics. This design helps distribute pressure evenly, enhances comfort, and reduces the risk of injury. 2. Wear Custom Orthotics Custom orthotics are a valuable tool for redistributing pressure evenly across the foot. You can work with a specialist, like a podiatrist or chiropodist, at a foot clinic to create orthotics tailored to your specific needs. Scientifically, custom orthotics help correct abnormal biomechanics, such as excessive supination, by stabilizing the foot and encouraging a more neutral gait. They can also provide added cushioning to reduce the impact of your stride on your joints. Over time, this can alleviate pain, reduce fatigue, and prevent the development of secondary issues in the knees, hips, or lower back. 3. Maintain a High Arch Foot Care Routine Foot baths and massages can soothe foot pain, relax the muscles in your feet and boost blood circulation. Soak your feet in warm water with Epsom salts, or foot bath products from reputable companies like Gehwol, to alleviate tension. Gehwol products, such as their Herbal Foot Bath, are available to buy at our Toronto foot clinic, Feet First Clinic! Gently massage the arch, heel, and toes to improve circulation and relieve tightness. Read this article to learn how to give yourself a foot massage from home. 4. Try Stretching and Strengthening Exercises Foot stretches and exercises play a crucial role in managing high arches by improving flexibility, reducing muscle tightness, and promoting better blood circulation in the feet. High arches can lead to stiffness and imbalances in the tendons and muscles, increasing the risk of discomfort and injury. Over time, these stretches can support better alignment and strengthen the foot's ability to handle daily stress, making them an essential part of high arch foot care. Here are some simple routines you can try today! Toe Flex and Raise: While standing, plant your toes and lift your heels off the ground. Hold for 15-30 seconds and repeat 5 times. Seated Towel Stretch: Loop a towel around your foot and gently pull it toward you, holding for 15-30 seconds. Pen Pick-ups: Stay seated. Then, lay three pens, or similarly shaped objects, in front of you–spaced apart evenly. Using your toes, pick up each pen and place it in a bowl. Seated Toe Pulls: Sit on a chair and cross one ankle over the opposite knee. Grab the top of your foot and gently pull it toward your body until you feel a stretch on the top of your foot. Hold for 15-30 seconds and repeat 2-3 times per foot. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/-EeyHTdkrEs Additional High Arch Pain Relief Tips More practical approaches for high arch pain relief include: Ice Therapy: Apply an ice pack to sore areas for 15-20 minutes to reduce inflammation and soothe discomfort. If your feet are particularly painful, take this one step further by practicing the RICE method (Rest, Ice, Compression and Elevation). Supportive Inserts: Use over-the-counter insoles with firm arch support. A good choice for high arches is the Superfeet Green or the Superfeet Run Cushion High Arch insoles. However, talk to a podiatrist or chiropodist about if you need more customized support from orthotics. Medication: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may help manage pain. Seek Professional Help: Visit a podiatrist or chiropodist for a biomechanical assessment to determine how prominent your high arches are, how they are affecting your body, and any contributing biomechanical factors. These foot specialists can also fit you for custom orthotics, provide shoe recommendations and curate a full treatment plan. When to See a Specialist For High Arches If high arches are causing persistent discomfort or limiting your mobility, it’s essential to seek professional advice. As we mentioned, visiting a foot clinic ensures access to personalized treatment plans. Consulting a foot specialist is especially important if you notice: Increased frequency of ankle instability or sprains. Development of deformities like hammertoes, claw toes, or bunions. Chronic pain that makes simple activities like walking increasingly difficult. A foot specialist can recommend the appropriate treatments, depending on the severity of your condition. They may also suggest physical therapy to improve balance, coordination, and overall foot function. Regular check-ups and assessments with a podiatrist or chiropodist can prevent seemingly minor issues from becoming major concerns. Don’t hesitate to seek their expertise! https://www.youtube.com/shorts/XZUfVhny5pY

January 9, 2025

3 Foot Conditions That Target Men

When it comes to health, foot care sometimes takes a backseat for men. However, neglecting this vital part of the body can lead to foot pain, skin and nail problems, reduced mobility, and more serious issues over time. Some foot conditions commonly seen in men are influenced by lifestyle, footwear choices, or other risk factors. That's why prioritizing men's foot health is essential for maintaining an active, pain-free life. In this article, we’ll explore three foot conditions that can disproportionately affect men, and discuss the best ways to treat them. Foot Conditions That Target Men Gout Achilles tendinitis Toenail conditions Additional foot conditions in men Gout https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2lQDihccUBg What is Gout? Gout is a type of arthritis caused by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in joints. Uric acid is a byproduct formed during the breakdown of purines, which are naturally found in the body and certain foods (e.g., red meat, seafood, and alcohol). Normally, uric acid is dissolved in the blood and excreted through urine. However, when the body produces too much uric acid or fails to excrete it efficiently, it can lead to hyperuricemia (high levels of uric acid in the blood). When uric acid levels exceed the threshold of solubility, needle-shaped urate crystals can form and deposit in the joints. This triggers the immune system and causes the painful inflammatory response characteristic of gout. Gout symptoms generally come in the form of severe and sudden flare ups ("gout attacks") that come and go, rather than a consistent, nagging pain like other conditions. It often feels like your big toe is hot or “on fire”. The pain can even signal your body to wake up from a deep sleep. Gout attacks cause swelling, redness, intense joint pain and affected mobility. While usually affecting the feet (typically starting in the big toe), it might also spread to other joints like the fingers, elbows, wrists, knees and ankles. Gout affects men more than women primarily because men naturally have higher levels of uric acid, which is the root cause of the condition. Estrogen, a hormone predominant in women before menopause, helps the kidneys excrete uric acid more efficiently. This offers women a protective advantage until estrogen levels decline after menopause. As a result, men can develop it at any stage of their lives, while women typically experience it post-menopause. How to Treat Gout? Gout is a metabolic disorder, and is managed through a combination of treatments and lifestyle modifications: Medication: Medications that reduce uric acid levels are often required to manage gout. These can be prescribed by your family doctor or rheumatologist. Medications like NSAIDs and corticosteroids can also help reduce symptoms by reducing inflammation. Exercise and Physical Activity: Recurrent gout attacks weaken and damage the joints over time. The best way to counteract this is to strengthen and condition the joints with a consistent fitness regimen. Not only will this help curtail progressive joint damage, stronger joints and muscles allows the body to better withstand our regular activities. This reduces joint strain, which interrupts the inflammatory response that triggers gout attacks in the first place. Diet: It is a myth that diet alone will cause gout. However, a healthy balanced diet with foods that are low in purines can help curb gout attacks. Some of the best foods to eat include poultry and eggs, nuts and legumes and leafy greens. It's important to avoid foods that contain high fructose corn syrup (i.e.: cola), red meat and other rich foods high in purines. Orthotics & Footwear: A chiropodist or podiatrist can help manage the joint damage caused by gout by recommending supportive footwear and prescribing custom orthotics. These treatments will address any biomechanical factors causing excess strain and pressure on the affected joints; this will in turn reduce the joint inflammation that can trigger gout attacks. Achilles Tendinitis https://www.youtube.com/shorts/utLavyPDnqI What is Achilles Tendonitis? Achilles tendinitis is an overuse injury characterized by inflammation of the Achilles tendon, the thick band of tissue that connects the calf muscles to the heel bone. This tendon facilitates walking, running, and jumping by transmitting force from the calf muscles to the foot. Achilles tendinitis develops when the tendon experiences repetitive stress, microtears, and inadequate recovery, leading to localized inflammation, pain, and stiffness. The condition often arises from activities that involve sudden increases in intensity, duration, or frequency, such as running or jumping sports. It can also be caused or contributed to by weak, tight calf muscles. Research suggests that Achilles tendinitis may be more common in men, particularly those over 30 years old. This is because male recreational runners and athletes tend to burden the tendon with a greater load than their female counterparts. Men sometimes also have less flexibility in their calf muscles than women, which increases the strain on the Achilles during physical activity. Hormonal differences also play a role, as estrogen in women may provide some protective effects by enhancing tendon elasticity and reducing stiffness. How to Treat Achilles Tendonitis? Treatment for Achilles tendinitis includes strengthening the tendon and surrounding muscles by performing foot exercises and stretches, particularly ones that work the calf muscles. Shockwave therapy from a podiatrist or chiropodist at a foot clinic might also be an option for you. This is a non-invasive treatment that stimulates healing in soft tissues via high frequency sound waves from a special applicator. Speaking of foot clinics, another great way to manage Achilles tendinitis and prevent it from occurring again is getting fitted for custom orthotics by a foot care professional. You can also try high quality over-the-counter insoles from brands like Superfeet. Athletes and runners should also always wear supportive footwear that provides adequate shock absorption and arch support. Toenail Conditions https://www.youtube.com/shorts/Z6VYvI6CJQs Some men may be less likely to care for their toenails than women are. This leaves them more vulnerable to issues like ingrown toenails, cracked toenails or even toenail fungus. Men may also be less likely to receive treatments like medical pedicures, a comprehensive service performed by a chiropodist or podiatrist that not only cleans and trims the nails, but can be a great way to spot potential toenail issues. Neglecting regular trimming, cleaning, and moisturizing of the nails creates an environment where these problems can thrive, particularly when combined with factors like wearing tight or non-breathable footwear, engaging in strenuous physical activities, or ignoring early signs of discomfort. Therefore, regular nail care, including proper trimming techniques and maintaining foot hygiene, is essential for preventing these common nail issues. As far as toenail fungus goes, some men are more likely to spend time in areas where these contagious fungi thrive, like public showers, locker rooms and pools. It’s critical to wear protective footwear in these spaces, or avoid them entirely as much as you can. If you notice toenail fungus starting to grow under the nail (by way of thickened, brittle greenish-yellow toenails), you should seek treatment from a chiropodist or podiatrist right away, as most over-the-counter anti-fungal products from drug stores won’t work. Additional Foot Conditions That Affect Men https://www.youtube.com/shorts/VqEeU4Hrh3I Plantar Fasciitis Plantar fasciitis is a condition caused by inflammation of the plantar fascia, a thick band of connective tissue that supports the arch of the foot and absorbs shock during movement. Overuse, prolonged standing, having flat feet or high-impact activities can lead to inflammation, triggering pain and stiffness, particularly near the heel. Men may be more susceptible to plantar fasciitis due to higher body weight, which increases strain on the plantar fascia. Greater participation in high-impact sports and physically demanding jobs that involve repetitive stress on the feet can also put men more at risk for plantar fasciitis. That said, plantar fascitiis is simply a very common condition that can target anyone. Treatment typically involves rest, stretching exercises for the calf and foot, and wearing supportive footwear and orthotics. Severe cases may benefit from physical therapy and anti-inflammatory medications. Foot Odour Foot odour, or bromodosis, occurs when sweat from the feet interacts with bacteria on the skin, producing a noticeable smell. The feet contain more sweat glands per square centimetre than any other part of the body, making them particularly prone to excessive sweating. Men may experience foot odour more frequently than women due to higher sweat production, more time spent in closed footwear, and less attention to foot hygiene. Prevention and treatment involve washing the feet daily, thoroughly drying them, and wearing moisture-wicking socks and breathable shoes. Deodorizing powders and sprays, as well as foot soaks can also help minimize bacterial growth and odour. We suggest trying these products from Gehwol, a reputable brand available to purchase at our Toronto foot clinic! https://www.youtube.com/shorts/TW9L0UMjLOw

Book Online

Our simple to use, online booking process makes it easy to book an appointment with a chiropodist for any of our services. No referral needed!

Got questions? We're here to help.

Please fill out the form below and we will get back to you as soon as possible.

Share:

4 Reasons You Have Pain on the Bottom of Your Foot

Plantar fasciitis

Heel spurs

Morton’s Neuroma

Sesamoiditis

Everything You Need for Healthy Feet - All Under One Roof

About Author: Bianca Charles

Related Services & Conditions

Newsletter Signup

Related Posts

How Tight Calves Affect Your Body

Do Flat Feet Cause Bunions?

Palmoplantar Keratoderma: What is it?

The Connection Between High Arches and Back Pain

4 Tips For Living With High Arches

3 Foot Conditions That Target Men

Book Online

Got questions? We're here to help.

Useful Links

About Us

Our Newsletter

Carolina Charles

Patient Relation Coordinator (She/Her)