Understanding and Managing Foot Pain in Diabetic Patients

Written by Erica Halpern on March 23, 2023

Diabetes is a serious illness that affects people from all over the world. Type 1 or type 2 diabetes can lead to several complications, like heart disease, kidney problems, vision issues, oral health deterioration, and more. But one of the most common problems diabetes patients face is diabetic foot pain and other foot problems that can transform into serious complications when left unchecked.

Today’s blog will discuss the following:

The causes of diabetic foot pain
Diabetes-related foot complications
Diabetic foot pain treatment at a foot clinic
Self-care tips and at-home diabetic foot care

Person manages diabetes — Photo by Artem Podrez from Pexels

What Causes Diabetic Foot Pain?

The main culprit behind type 1 and type 2 diabetes-related foot pain is diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes patients struggle with four types of neuropathy, all of which cause nerve damage:

Peripheral Neuropathy: This is the most relevant categorization of neuropathy when discussing foot pain causes. It affects the lower extremities (feet and legs), arms and hands. It occurs when high blood sugar and triglyceride levels damage the nerves and tiny blood vessels in the circulatory system, causing poor blood flow. Symptoms include shooting foot pain, “pins and needles,” numbness, weakness and burning sensations.
Autonomic Neuropathy: This is similar to peripheral, except the nerve damage affects the body’s organs rather than the limbs.
Proximal Neuropathy: A rare type of nerve damage that causes severe hip, buttock, or thigh pain.
Focal Neuropathies: Rare singular/local (hence “focal”) nerve damage, typically in the hand, head, torso, or leg.

Diabetes-Related Foot Complications

Whether it’s numbness or pain, it is extremely important to pay attention to the warning signs your feet give when you have diabetes.

Moreover, your feet often fail to signal problems to your brain due to neuropathy. This means you also need to consistently inspect your feet and visit a foot specialist for an extra set of eyes and expertise (more on that later!)

If you don’t, debilitating complications with varying degrees of pain and discomfort may creep up. These include:

Skin changes like dry skin and cracked heels. This occurs due to nerve damage preventing your body’s natural oil and moisture production.
If you cannot feel cold, heat and other sensations on your feet, you may be unaware of a foot injury. This can lead to a worsening injury or infection if the skin is broken and you haven’t noticed.
Calluses are common in people with diabetes, and the more they thicken, the more likely they are to become an ulcer (open sores or lesions that will not heal).
Peripheral artery disease (plaque buildup in the arteries) can arise in diabetic patients. Like neuropathy, it reduces blood flow, so you don’t notice ulcers, infections and injuries. Aggressive infections and ulcers without treatment can lead to gangrene or amputations.
Edema (swelling): This is caused by nerve damage and the subsequent fluid buildup in the body’s lower extremities. Swelling can cause pain and mobility problems.

Diabetic Foot Pain Treatment at a Foot Clinic

Since diabetes impacts our feet, patients should find a chiropodist and schedule regular appointments. The general recommendation is no less than once yearly but more frequently if nerve damage is present.

Not only can foot specialists help with pain management, but consistent foot inspections are critical for spotting the beginning stages of a complication.

Some of the main ways chiropodists help with diabetic foot pain include:

Skin health assessments and maintenance
Foot assessments
Custom orthotics
Footwear recommendations

Skin Health Assessments and Maintenance

This is one of the most important jobs a chiropodist will do. They can notice signs of ulcer development, infections and other skin abnormalities. Chiropodists also perform regular diabetic foot care on diabetes patients, so they don’t develop ingrown toenails or fungal infections.

Foot Assessments

Your chiropodist will check your vascular (circulation) health via regular inspections. They will also check your foot temperature, look for swelling, and check the colour of your feet. They can also ask what type of foot sensations you’re feeling, like tingling, shooting pain or burning and proceed from there. This is included with Feet First Clinic’s diabetic foot care services.

Custom Orthotics

Orthotics make walking much easier, as they distribute body weight evenly across the foot while reducing pressure and friction and relieving the foot’s pressure points. They also help regulate your motion and correct any abnormal gait patterns you develop while struggling with foot pain. Chiropodists can provide orthotics via a thorough a biomechanical assessment.

Footwear Recommendations

Footwear modifications can help reduce diabetic foot pain, and the special shapes and designs of orthpaedic footwear can accommodate neuropathy symptoms more successfully than standard footwear. Diabetic patients often need deep shoes to support orthotics and to manage the discomfort and pain they experience when dealing with swelling. Diabetes patients also need footwear with little to no seams in order to reduce pressure points and friction against the foot. Companies such as APEX and Anodyne make shoes especially for diabetes patients.

Self-Care Tips and At-Home Diabetic Foot Care

Orthopedic slippers can help manage foot pain and allow you to move around your home more freely.
Soak your feet in a warm foot bath to ease stress and soothe aches and pains.
Try your best to regulate blood sugar levels to help fight nerve damage.
Inspect your feet and keep them clean. Note: do not try to get rid of calluses and other skin abnormalities on your own. Schedule an appointment with your chiropodist if you notice callus buildup or skin problems.
Keep on top of diabetes routines not directly related to your feet. This includes proper medication management and regularly checking your blood pressure at the local pharmacy and doctor’s office.
Light exercises and stretches can be beneficial for diabetic foot pain. For example, rolling your feet on a ball (or water bottle) or scrunching your toes to pick up a towel can strengthen your feet. And those are just two examples! Most foot stretches are easy to perform and relieve pain in different ways. Low-impact activities like swimming and walking can also be beneficial.

Come to Feet First Clinic for Diabetes Assistance

You shouldn’t have to manage a condition like diabetes on your own. And at our downtown Toronto foot clinic, you don’t have to!

Contact our office to book an appointment! Simply fill out the online booking form, or call us at 416-769-3338!

About Author: Erica Halpern

Erica is the operations manager at Feet First Clinic. Since 2021, she has been writing, researching and editing website and social media content. She also oversees Feet First Clinic’s daily and strategic operations to ensure the best possible experience for our clients. Her goal is to ensure patients are equipped with the knowledge and solutions they need to help with their pain.

Learn more about Erica Halpern

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February 7, 2020

At-Home Diabetic Foot Care

What is Diabetes? Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs when the body is unable to either sufficiently produce or properly use insulin. Insulin is a hormone secreted by the pancreas to help cells absorb sugar from the bloodstream and use it as an energy source. When insulin is not adequately produced or properly used, it can result in elevated levels of blood sugar, called hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia can cause deterioration of the body’s blood vessels, nerves and organs, most commonly the kidneys, eyes, and heart. Elevated blood sugars can leave a person more susceptible to slow healing wounds and infection, most commonly seen in the feet. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the insulin producing cells of the pancreas are attacked, resulting in an insulin dependent body. It is also known as juvenile diabetes and is usually diagnosed in persons under 40, most commonly children. People that are diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes require an external source of insulin daily. Type 2 diabetes is an acquired disease where the body does not produce enough insulin or does not properly use the insulin produced. It is most diagnosed in persons who are overweight or inactive physically, in individuals over 40 years old, but is now seen more in children and those under 40. Type 2 diabetes can either be insulin or non insulin dependent based on the severity and chronicity of disease. As of 2008-09, 2.4 million Canadians were living with diabetes. It is estimated that 90-95% of Canadians diagnosed with diabetes have Type 2 diabetes and 5-10% have Type 1. How Does Diabetes Develop? Healthy Diabetes Diet Diabetes development can be multi-factorial. There are many risk factors of type 2 diabetes, including inactive lifestyle, poor diet, family history, smoking, advanced age, or certain ethnicity. Risk factors of Type 1 diabetes are currently not well understood, though there may be a genetic disposition or an environmental trigger that may initiate the autoimmune response. Diabetes is normally diagnosed as either Type 1, or Type 2 and you cannot have both types of diabetes concurrently. Hyperglycemia can be gradually increasing before onset of diabetes, and symptoms may go undetected. Diagnosis is usually made with a plasma glucose test. Hyperglycemic symptoms include; frequent urination, increased thirst, unexplained weight loss. Other symptoms can include blurred vision, fatigue, and nausea. Since these symptoms can be associated with other disorders or disease, diagnosis of diabetes may be delayed. It is best to control modifiable risk factors that may lead to diabetes: staying physically active, eating a healthy diet and eliminating smoking. Why is Taking Care of my Feet Important? At-home Diabetic Foot Care Since diabetes can affect the blood vessels and nerves, the feet, situated the furthest from our nerve and vessel centre, are commonly affected in persons with long standing diabetes. As other diabetes related complications can arise, the feet can become more affected and more difficult to manage. Complications include deteriorating eyesight, and decreased flexibility. Decreased nerve function can reduce sensation in the feet, meaning small cuts and callus that may normally cause pain in a person without diabetes will go undetected. It is important to look at the feet regularly and immediately treat any developing callus or dryness to avoid foot wounds. Decreased healing ability means infection may be a cause for concern in persons with diabetes. The feet generally see more sharp instruments than other areas including nail clippers, and files or blades to remove callus and corns and therefore are at higher risk for small cuts. Taking care of feet in persons with diabetes are very simple and should become habit. The skin should be kept hydrated and elastic with use of cream and water consumption. All nails should be trimmed and filed to avoid any sharp corners. Avoid applying devices or items that are too hot or too cold directly to the skin. Inspect the feet daily. If the feet are difficult to see, a mirror can be used. A friend or family member is the most helpful. The person should be looking for any of the following: increased redness, swelling, blood, foreign objects, callus, corns, dry skin, or deformity (bunion, hammertoe). If any signs are seen, visit a physician or book an appointment with one of our foot specialists. A foot specialist is recommended for regular assessments every 6 months. If there are any concerns with the feet, regular foot care every month or 2 may be indicated. Who Needs to Worry About Diabetes? As of 2008, over 200 000 Canadians are diagnosed with diabetes every year. The increasing age of baby boomers and increased life span are contributing factors to the increase in diabetes diagnoses. The people most likely to be affected by diabetes are those in certain ethnic groups (first nations, African, Caribbean, south Asian and Hispanic), age groups (over 40), and higher weight groups. In 2017, approximately 2.3 million Canadians (7.3% aged 12 and over) have been diagnosed with diabetes. What Problems does Diabetes Cause for my Feet? Diabetes can affect the feet in so many different ways: the skin becomes drier, the muscles start to change where foot deformities can develop, and the nerves are affected where sensation is reduced. Detection of problems can become difficult and due to decreased healing time and increased rates of infection; problems can progress rapidly. Serious cases include undetected wounds, subsequent infection and possible amputation. Undetected wounds can paint a picture of uncontrolled diabetes, where multiple vital systems can be affected (kidneys, vessels, nervous) At every age group, mortality rates are two times those in persons with diabetes than those without. So, What Products Can I Use? For persons with diabetes, it is important to avoid products with acid as an ingredient. Creams with mild acid solution can irritate the skin and cause small wounds. Sharp objects such as nail clippers and foot files may be used in persons with controlled diabetes and with prior instruction from a professional. Feel free to use a daily cream and emollient to hydrate the skin. Be careful using product between the toes, as that area can accumulate too much moisture which can breakdown the skin. Foot soaks can dehydrate the skin, please consult with your doctor or foot specialist before engaging in foot soaks. Persons with diabetes may require shoes that are healthier for their sensitive feet. Shoes with soft foot beds that can reduce friction and increase shock absorption are ideal. Avoid shoes that have rigid seams or stiff out-soles. When wearing shoes, keep an eye out for any red marks on the skin, these are ones to discard or avoid as they can one day leave a wound or laceration. Will it Get Worse? Persons with diabetes may feel their feet are too hot or too cold and try to use hot or cold packs to alleviate the discomfort. Due to decreased sensation, these hot/cold packs can cause hot or cold burns on the skin. Be sure to protect the skin with a towel prior to using these types of warming/cooling packs, and test first on the hands as sensation is usually not as diminished in the hands. Never use hot water or hot packs – make sure the temperature is lukewarm. If you have dry skin, make sure to moisturize; do not use harmful files or electric devices to remove callus or dry skin. Contact your chiropodist as you may be prescribed a cream. Inspect the feet daily, checking for cuts, callus or redness and swelling. Where Can I Get Help? Who Can I Ask? A licensed chiropodist is trained to treat feet, especially in those with diabetes. They can prescribe special creams, and carefully and safely reduce nail problems and callus. They can help reduce pressures by recommending orthopedic shoes or prescribing custom made orthotics. They can improve mobility by offering specific exercises and stretches to keep you moving. And they are primary care practitioners who can monitor and inspect your feet for any new concerns. Persons with diabetes should have a foot specialist examine their feet at least every 6 months. If you have callus or nail problems, a visit to the chiropodist can be a more routine visit at around 2 months. Regular examinations and visits can prevent foot complications that can occur with diabetes. Consult your doctor who can refer a foot specialist in your area or call our clinic today!

November 21, 2024

Why Do Older Women Get Bunions?

Bunions can target anyone, but they are more common in older women due to factors like foot anatomy and footwear choices. Luckily, there are ways you can prevent and manage bunions to the best of your ability, especially if you work with a chiropodist or podiatrist. Let’s explore everything there is to know about bunions, including the reasons why older women are more at risk for developing bunions. This article will answer: What are bunions? Who's at risk? Why are older women at risk? How do you treat bunions? How do you prevent bunions? Do I need bunion surgery? What Are Bunions? Bunions are toe deformities in which the big toe shifts towards the second toe at an angle. This causes the joint at the base of the big toe (the first metatarsophalangeal joint, or MTP joint) to protrude outwards, forming a bump that can become swollen, tender, and uncomfortable. The MTP joint bears a lot of pressure while walking or standing, which can worsen the bunion over time. As the condition progresses, people with bunions often experience pain and difficulty wearing certain shoes. Another related condition common in older women is hallux rigidus, where arthritis or stiffness affects the big toe joint, limiting its movement. Hallux rigidus may not cause the same protrusion as bunions, but it can still lead to pain and difficulty moving the toe. Many people may think that hallux rigidus is the same as a bunion, but they are different - the scientific term for bunions is hallux valgus. Causes of Bunions: Who's at Risk? Bunions are caused by excessive prolonged stress on the MTP joint at the base of the big toe. Therefore, anything that increases pressure on the big toe can cause or contribute to bunions. While bunions aren't typically caused by one thing alone, there are several risk factors that contribute to the likelihood of developing bunions. All these risk factors either weaken or cause extra strain on the MTP joint. These include: Age: Bunions can start to form as young as 30, but they are commonly associated with seniors and become more debilitating and noticeable with age. Some studies suggest 1 in 3 people over the age of 65 have a pronounced bunion, many of them being women. Genetics: Bunions are partly genetic because foot shape and structure, often inherited traits, can increase the risk of developing them. People with certain foot shapes—particularly flat feet—are more prone to bunions because this structure creates imbalanced pressure on the big toe joint. Wearing ill-fitting footwear: Frequently wearing narrow, tight, or high-heeled shoes that squeeze the toes can push the big toe inward, contributing to bunion formation. Pointed, unstready high-heeled shoes with very thin heels (like stilettos) are extra risky. Having Rheumatoid arthritis: Conditions that affect joint health and increase inflammation, such as rheumatoid arthritis, can lead to bunion formation. Previous foot injuries: Tendon tears, or having broken a bone in the past, can increase risk. Why are Older Women at Risk? Senior women are more likely than other groups to experience painful bunions for a handful of reasons: Older people are more susceptible to joint-wear-and-tear and other foot conditions like osteoarthritis (which is caused by wear-and-tear on the joints, and is commonly associated with age). And pre-existing joint issues make you more prone to bunions. Many older women have a history of wearing ill-fitting shoes with cramped toe boxes and unsteady high heels for decades. Tight shoes and high heels put extra strain and pressure on the MTP joint. The collective effects of this pressure accumulate over time and, compounded with other age-related risk factors, can accelerate, contribute to or exacerbate the formation of bunions. Women may have weaker connective tissue in their feet. This will reduce the big toe's ability to withstand the force and pressure of our movement. Bunions can worsen during menopause due to hormonal changes loosening ligaments and flattening the feet, making them more vulnerable. This can also happen during pregnancy and have long-lasting effects on the feet. Menopause can also affect bone density, which can accelerate joint degeneration, weaken joints, and therefore aggravate bunions. Bunions in Older Women: Treatment If you’re a woman (or anyone!) struggling with bunion pain, visiting a foot specialist, like a chiropodist or podiatrist, at your local foot clinic can help. There are many solutions available that target the foot pain and mobility issues associated with bunions, while decreasing pressure on the big toe joint. While bunions cannot be reversed (without surgery), by strengthening your feet and reducing pressure on the big toe, you can manage the bunion growth so that it doesn't get worse. Bunion Exercises and Stretches https://www.youtube.com/shorts/H3SogJ8FIas A chiropodist or podiatrist may suggest some bunion exercises and stretches. These are great for both prevention and treatment, mostly target the toes, are easy to memorize, and accommodate seniors. The exercises may feel awkward at first, but you’ll get used to them in no time. Here are five easy-to-learn exercises you can incorporate into your daily routine to help manage bunion discomfort: Toe Circles Grip your big toe and move it in circular motions to maintain joint mobility. Do 10 circles in each direction per foot. Toe Stretches Use your fingers to press your big toe down and hold for 30 seconds, then stretch it in the opposite direction for another 30 seconds. Repeat 5 times on each foot. Towel Grip and Pull Place a towel on the floor and use your toes to scrunch and pull it toward you. This helps strengthen the small muscles in your feet. Toe Curls and Spreads Curl your toes down tightly, hold for a few seconds, then spread them wide. Repeat this motion 10 times per foot to improve flexibility and strength. Toe Resistance Exercises View this post on Instagram A post shared by Feet First Clinic (@feetfirstclinic_) Use your fingers to apply light pressure against your big toe in various directions, pressing up, down, and sideways. Hold each for 10 seconds. Repeat 5 times on each foot. You can also wrap a resistance band around your big toes and then spread your feet apart while keeping your heels planted, as shown in the video above. Other bunion treatment options provided by a foot specialist include: Footwear recommendations: We'll get more into this later, but opt for shoes with a wide toe box that give your toes enough room. You should also look for features like cushioned insoles and good arch support to reduce pressure on the bunion. Custom orthotics: A foot specialist will assess your feet and design custom orthotic insoles tailored to your feet. Orthotics work by reducing pressure and force on the big toe joint, which will then reduce bunion pain and help prevent the bunion from getting worse. Custom orthotics for bunions provide support and help realign the foot, redistributing pressure away from the bunion. You can then put the orthotics into your footwear and go about your daily activities with less pressure on the big toe. Shockwave therapy: This treatment uses powerful acoustic pulses to reduce pain in the affected area by increasing blood flow and triggering a process that helps the body heal injured tissue. While shockwave therapy doesn't target the bunion itself, it helps with the tight muscles and ligaments around the bunion, which reduces pain and pressure on the joint. Bunion devices: These devices help realign the toes to varying degrees. Silicone toe separators are great for when you're walking around at home, whereas ultra-thin bunion aligners fit comfortably in most footwear and are great for athletic people. For more significant correction, rigid bunion splints help stabilize the joint. Therapeutic taping: A foot specialist can apply therapeutic tape to provide support, reduce pain, and help correct the alignment of the bunion, allowing for better mobility. Shoe stretching: If your shoes are too tight, professional shoe stretching can help relieve pressure on the bunion, making footwear more comfortable. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/8g43ZWreZ1g Best Bunion Prevention Tips There isn’t much you can do about your genetics or age, but you can be mindful about other lifestyle factors to manage bunion formation. Wearing the Right Footwear The best preventative measure you can take to try and avoid bunions is wearing the right shoes for your feet. You should be especially vigilant about finding shoes that are wide enough for your toes to rest comfortably and wiggle without crowding and overlapping. Ideally, your shoes need between ⅜” to ½” of space between the end of your longest toe and the front of the shoe. You can try an at-home test to see how wide your feet really are before visiting your Toronto foot clinic for a shoe fitting that will help you find the perfect fit. Toe space is the biggest factor for bunion prevention, but there are many other things to consider when finding the right shoes. Check out the best footwear for healthy feet to learn what else you should look out for. Try to avoid high heels, only wearing them for special occasions. Even then, opt for healthy heel options. Heels shouldn’t be too high or too thin—look for a block, shorter heel or wedges instead. Your shoes also shouldn’t be severely pointed and squish your toes together. Additional Bunion Prevention Tips: Regular exercise and a good fitness regimen will help keep your muscles strong. Strong muscles reduce strain on the joints, which will then make you less susceptible to joint degeneration and wear-and-tear as you age. In addition, a healthy conditioned lower body and core helps with alignment and weight-bearing, meaning your big toe won't need to work as hard when you move around. Since having a previous injury can be a risk factor, practice healthy foot injury prevention and FALL prevention. If you notice early signs of bunion formation, such as redness or swelling around the big toe joint, consult a foot specialist promptly. You should also consult a foot specialist if you have any family members with bunions, notice any issues with your alignment, have flat feet, or any other biomechanical concerns, as faulty biomechanics increase strain on the big toe joint. Excess weight can put additional pressure on your feet, increasing the risk of bunion development. Maintaining a healthy weight can help reduce this strain. Do I Need Bunion Surgery? Bunion surgery, or bunionectomies, are invasive procedures that require local anesthesia, incisions, bone realignment and sometimes bone removal. While they can be immensely helpful, many folks want to avoid surgery, if possible, for these reasons: Recovery time, which can take around six weeks. A fear of complications (although they’re incredibly rare) Cost. Bunionectomies are much more expensive than other treatments. They don't address the underlying issues that caused the bunion to form in the first place Seniors may be more likely to seek a bunionectomy after living with bunions for a longer period than young people, and trying other non-invasive treatment options with a podiatrist or chiropodist first. That said, these days there are more non-surgical treatment options than ever before and your chances of needing a surgery are still somewhat low. Surgeries are typically only recommended for older women or any individual who experiences significant pain or functional limitations; surgeries are not usually performed solely for cosmetic reasons. Visit your local Toronto foot clinic to address bunions before seeking surgery. You’ll start with a full foot assessment to determine the severity of your condition and your foot specialist will form a treatment plan with you. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/XZUfVhny5pY

November 14, 2024

3 Tips to Prevent Winter Foot Injuries

Foot injuries can increase in cold weather, so it’s important to learn how to minimize your risk, practice fall prevention, and navigate slippery conditions. Not only that, but cold weather can cause muscle stiffness to worsen, making your feet more vulnerable than they were during the warmer months. Today we’ll talk about 3 safety tips—recommended by the foot specialists at our Toronto foot clinic—to prevent winter foot injuries. 3 Tips to Prevent Winter Foot Injuries Wear The Right Shoes Try Warm Ups and Foot Exercises Wear Supportive Insoles 1. Wear The Right Shoes The wrong winter boots can lead to numerous foot injuries. While fashion may be your top priority, you shouldn’t sacrifice protective and supportive features just for looks (plus, you can find fashionable and comfortable shoes at our Toronto foot clinic). Winter footwear should have good shock absorption and be made with waterproof materials. Avoid pointed toes and high heels in the winter—these features are a recipe for slips and falls! Stability And Motion Control Shoes Did you know there are different foot types, and your foot type can determine what shoes you should wear? For example, people with flat feet need extra stability or motion control features built into their shoes to help correct varying degrees of overpronation (when the ankle rolls inward during movement). A foot specialist, like a podiatrist or chiropodist, can assess your feet and tell you what type shoes you should be wearing: Stability Shoes Purpose: Stability shoes are aimed at those with mild to moderate overpronation (the inward rolling of the foot when walking or running). Features: These shoes typically have a supportive structure and posting around the arch and midsole to help guide the foot through a natural gait cycle and promote natural foot motion. Motion Control Shoes Purpose: These are designed for people with severe overpronation, providing maximum support to prevent excessive inward rolling of the foot. Features: Motion control shoes are more rigid and structured than stability shoes, with reinforced areas in the midsole. How does this link back to winter foot safety? If you have flat feet, especially if you’re a senior, and your feet overpronate, your hips, knees and ankles can weaken and become more painful and vulnerable due to years of walking with an abnormal gait. If you don’t have strong feet and joints, icy conditions become that much more threatening. Both stability and motion control shoes can help prevent winter foot injuries by providing extra support and control in conditions where icy, wet, or uneven surfaces make slips and strains more likely. Keep in mind these should also have solid traction performance! https://www.youtube.com/shorts/TnDaLrqYTac Traction Performance High traction performance in shoes (thick, rubber soles with grooves) is essential for winter injury prevention. It prevents slips and falls, which are especially common on icy or wet surfaces. Without reliable traction, even the smallest patch of ice can turn into a serious hazard, causing the foot to slide out from under the body and throwing balance off entirely. This can lead to falls, which are a primary cause of winter injuries, including sprains, fractures, and ligament tears in the foot, ankle, or knee. Good traction provides a stable, controlled grip on unpredictable surfaces, allowing each step to connect firmly with the ground. This stability reduces the risk of unexpected slips and ensures that the foot can maintain contact without sliding, even on slippery patches. People who enjoy running during the winter months should particularly focus on finding running shoes with traction. Many brands, like Saucony or ASICS, design shoes for this purpose. You can also add on ice cleats or cramp-ons to your footwear for extra grip when running on icy surfaces. When looking for traction performance, keep in mind that no shoes are built for traction on ice (although some may fare better than others). Only ice cleats or cramp-ons will provide proper grip on ice. 2. Try Warm-ups And Foot Exercises Before going for a run, warm up your feet and lower extremities with a nice, healthy stretch or foot exercise. This will prepare your feet for pounding the pavement (or snow) and give them an added layer of strength and protection. Runners should be doing this year round as part of their foot care routine, not just during the winter! These routines are not just for runners! Quite the opposite, in fact; they help people with mobility constraints and inflamed, weakened and damaged muscles/joints just as much as they do athletes. People with arthritis in the feet, plantar fasciitis and other conditions can help reduce their risk of winter injuries by strengthening their feet. For example, arthritis can lead to joint pain, stiffness, and reduced range of motion, making it challenging to maintain balance on slippery or uneven surfaces. On the other hand, plantar fasciitis involves inflammation of the plantar fascia, the ligament that runs along the bottom of the foot. The discomfort may lead to altered walking mechanics, such as favoring one foot over the other, which can compromise stability and increase the risk of falls. Stretches and exercises should target the intrinsic (small, stabilizing muscles located within the foot) and extensor muscles (primarily found in the lower leg), and your ankles. Your routine should include a variety of movements that target as many muscle groups as possible. Here are a few easy, effective stretches and exercises you can start today: https://www.youtube.com/shorts/gOwgyrmU6hM Toe Splays: While seated or standing, spread (or "splay") your toes as wide apart as possible, holding for a few seconds, then releasing. Repeat this 10–15 times per foot. Toe Flex and Raise: Stand with toes planted and lift the heels off the ground. This exercise strengthens the lower leg and foot muscles, improving balance and stability on icy surfaces. Ankle Circles: Sit or stand and slowly rotate each ankle in circles, first clockwise and then counterclockwise. This helps increase ankle mobility and flexibility, which can reduce the risk of sprains. Seated Hamstring Stretch: Sit on a chair, extend one leg straight in front. Lean forward slowly until you feel the stretch in your hamstring. Hold for about 30 seconds. In addition, click here for part 1 and part 2 for the best exercises for arthritis, and here for the best exercises for plantar fasciitis. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/AsuUXJYnUmQ The Importance of Balance We all know the direct link between losing your balance and sustaining an injury. We also know that people with disabilities or conditions that impact mobility need to be extra vigilant. With every step, strong balance allows you to react as quickly as possible to unexpected changes in winter terrain and surfaces, which will keep you safe. Here are two simple foot exercises that focus on improving balance: Single-Leg Stands: Stand on one foot for 20–30 seconds, then switch. This exercise builds balance and strengthens the muscles around the ankle, reducing the risk of falls on uneven surfaces. Heel-to-Toe Walk: Walk in a straight line, placing the heel of one foot directly in front of the toes of the other. This exercise improves balance and strengthens stabilizing muscles. 3. Wear Supportive Insoles Winter footwear is typically built for the elements - not for comfort. Therefore, it can be very difficult to find a supportive winter boot that will also protect your feet from winter weather. Fortunately, if you wear a supportive insole with your footwear, you won't need to sacrifice comfort for function. There are two types of supportive insoles you can wear with winter footwear: customer orthotics and over-the-counter insoles. Custom Orthotics Custom orthotics are designed to fit the unique contours of an individual's feet, helping to redistribute pressure and provide the necessary arch support. This is especially beneficial for individuals with flat feet or other conditions. Add winter to the mix, and this becomes even more crucial. By optimizing foot alignment, custom orthotics help maintain stability and balance, allowing individuals to navigate slippery surfaces with greater confidence. Custom orthotics can be made to fit in winter boots or winter running shoes, to keep your foot supported in all scenarios. They can even come in half-lengths to accommodate dress shoes for when you’re leaving the office and heading to your car (slippery sidewalks are everywhere in winter, so you can’t be too careful!). They provide cushioning that absorbs impact and reduces strain on the joints, particularly the ankles and knees, which are crucial during winter activities like walking, shoveling snow, or participating in winter sports. To learn if you can benefit from custom orthotics, you can consult a foot specialist like a chiropodist or a podiatrist. Check out these resources on custom orthotics to learn even more: 5 Ways Orthotics Can Be Customized for Maximum Comfort and Support The Role of Orthotics in Supporting Foot Health and Correcting Alignment Understanding Different Types of Custom Orthotics: How to Choose the Right Support for Your Feet https://www.youtube.com/shorts/IBXAXoUouFY Over-the-Counter Insoles (Superfeet) Over-the-counter insoles, like Superfeet, are also a great option to upgrade your winter footwear. Superfeet insoles have a deep heel cup, pronounced arch and a rigid, durable structure. They come in a variety of arch heights and cushioning levels to accommodate many foot conditions, like high arches, flat feet, plantar fasciitis and more! Whereas custom orthotics are custom-designed to your foot, Superfeet come in standard sizes and designs (each representing a different colour). They therefore can be more economical than custom orthotics. If you're interested in Superfeet insoles, bring your winter shoes to our Toronto foot clinic. You can then try different Superfeet options to see which one works best for you. Different insoles feel different in different shoes, so we strongly recommend trying on your Superfeet with your winter shoes before purchasing them.

November 7, 2024

6 Myths About Foot Odor

Foot odor is a frustrating problem; it goes to show that non-painful foot conditions can be as life altering as painful ones. There are many foot odour myths floating around the internet. In this article, we'll break down some of the most common foot odour myths, and give you the facts about foot odour causes and how to prevent it. 6 Myths About Foot Odour: Only People With Sweaty Feet Have Foot Odour Foot Odour Always Means You Have a Serious Health Condition All Foot Odour Smells the Same Going Barefoot Helps Eliminate Odour If You Have Foot Odour, you Aren’t Showering or Bathing Foot Odour Only Happens in Hot Weather Myth 1: Only People With Sweaty Feet Have Foot Odour Foot odour, also known as bromodosis, is the unpleasant smell that comes from the feet due to a combination of sweat and bacteria. The feet have numerous sweat glands, which produce moisture to regulate temperature and prevent skin from drying out. Plantar hyperhidrosis is the medical term for excessively sweaty feet. Sweat is a major contributor to foot odour and provides the moisture needed for it to thrive, however, other factors are also at play. The Main Causes of Foot Odour General bacterial buildup and everyday life! (wearing shoes all day long, etc). Fungal infections: Conditions like athlete’s foot can lead to odour as fungi produce waste products during growth. Diet: Certain foods, like garlic and onions, can affect sweat composition and lead to a noticeable foot odour. Health conditions: Conditions other than plantar hyperhidrosis can cause foot odour, including diabetes, particularly when ulcers and wounds omit a strong smell. Other conditions include thyroid disorders (they may cause excessive sweating) or kidney and liver issues. Footwear material: Shoes made from non-breathable materials trap even normal sweat production, increasing moisture and bacterial growth. Preventing foot odour often means choosing breathable, waterproof shoes. Hormonal changes: Puberty, pregnancy, or menopause can contribute to foot odour. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/1aaNATnXvWw Foot Odour Myth # 2: Foot Odour Always Means You Have a Serious Health Condition It’s true that one of the causes of foot odour can be an underlying health condition, but that doesn't mean it's serious. The most common cause of foot odour is a general build up of sweat and bacteria that you can tackle yourself. Foot odour is often caused by everyday factors like wearing shoes made from non-breathable materials or not changing socks frequently enough. In most cases, simple steps like improving hygiene, airing out shoes, or using foot deodorants (sprays, powders or creams) can help control the smell. While it's important to be mindful of persistent odour or other accompanying symptoms, the vast majority of foot odour issues are easily managed with at-home care and do not indicate a serious health condition. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/aFdZ042koME Foot Odour Myth # 3: All Foot Odour Smells the Same Foot odour can vary significantly based on several factors, including the underlying cause, personal hygiene, diet, and the type of bacteria or fungi present. For example, open wounds and sores will smell different than smelly, sweaty shoes. Here are some common smells: Sour: Often caused by bacteria breaking down sweat, resulting in lactic acid production. Musty: May be associated with fungal infections or warm, moist environments. Vinegar-like: Often linked to sweat and potentially neglectful hygiene. Ammonia: May indicate dehydration or a dietary imbalance. Rotten: This odour can be a sign of a more serious infection. Foot Odour Myth 4: Going Barefoot Helps Eliminate Odour While going barefoot might seem like a good idea for reducing foot odour, it can actually have the opposite effect in some cases. While it’s always good to air out your feet, going barefoot outside exposes your feet to various surfaces that may harbour bacteria and fungi. Walking on dirty or damp surfaces can lead to the accumulation of these microorganisms, potentially worsening foot odour. In fact, foot fungus (one of the most common causes of foot odour) is often caused by walking barefoot in public places. Additionally, sweat can still pool in the crevices of your feet without socks and shoes, allowing bacteria to thrive. Instead of eliminating odour, going barefoot may introduce new sources of smell. Wearing breathable footwear and moisture-wicking socks and changing them regularly is a much better idea. Myth 5: If You Have Foot Odour, You Aren’t Showering or Bathing This is completely untrue since foot odour is often linked to other conditions like plantar hyperhidrosis and fungal infections. Therefore, foot odour is is a symptom rather than a cause. It also often develops throughout the day, so you can shower every morning and still experience smelly feet when you get home at night. That said, you should pay more attention to foot-specific hygiene and clean your feet frequently. Check out this blog article on foot hygiene tips to learn what to do. Myth 6: Foot Odour Only Happens in Hot Weather Foot odour is commonly associated with hot weather, but it can occur year-round, regardless of the temperature. While warm conditions can exacerbate sweating and create a breeding ground for bacteria, factors such as personal hygiene, footwear choice, and lifestyle also play significant roles in foot odour. For example, wearing insulated shoes in fall or winter weather can trap moisture and heat, leading to odour even when temperatures are low. Additionally, individuals who sweat excessively—regardless of the season—are more likely to experience foot odour. Therefore, it’s essential to maintain proper foot care and hygiene practices throughout the year to prevent odour, not just during the warmer months.

October 14, 2024

The Importance of Regular Foot Check-Ups: What to Expect During a Foot Clinic Visit

There are many at-home and natural remedies for foot pain that work, but there’s no denying the importance of foot exams with a top Toronto chiropodist. Some conditions require foot check-ups throughout the year and your foot clinic visits can make a big difference in not only your comfort levels, but your long-term health. Let’s take at what you can expect at a foot clinic appointment and why you should get your check-ups. What You Can Expect at a Foot Clinic This depends on if you’re visiting your foot clinic for the first time or are following up with a specific service, such as a custom orthotic casting and fitting or a medical pedicure. At Toronto’s Feet First Clinic, your first foot check-up—an initial foot assessment—helps determine your unique needs. It’s your chance to discuss any concerns so your chiropodist can tailor the care to what matters most to you. Many people schedule one if they have persistent foot pain, but you may also do it for diagnostic purposes, footwear recommendations and more. Why Schedule Regular Foot Check-ups? Regular foot care is mandatory if you have diabetes. Studies show that neglecting your feet and failing to visit your foot specialist may lead to infections, ulceration and limb loss. While they sound extreme and scary, chiropody services can help you prevent these problems. Chiropodist visits for diabetes include full examinations (particularly to assess for neuropathy), nail and skin care, wound debridement, and more. Some experts recommend coming in every 4-6 months, but this may be more or less, depending on your condition. Foot check-ups are also a must for anyone with arthritis, circulatory issues, a history of strain injuries like plantar fasciitis, chronic fungal infections, to name a few. They’re especially important as we get older. But really, anyone can benefit from a little foot TLC—whether you're on your feet all day or just looking to prevent future problems, regular check-ups help keep your feet healthy, pain-free, and ready to go wherever life takes you! An annual foot assessment is also a great preventative form of self care, like a wellness check for your feet. You don’t have to wait until you notice symptoms — assessments can catch early signs of the most common foot issues before they become painful.

October 7, 2024

5 Ways Orthotics Can Be Customized for Maximum Comfort and Support

Many people don’t know what goes into their custom orthotics – not just the materials, but the technology that creates a comfortable orthotic. In this post, learn about all the different accomodations and orthotic customizations available to make your feet happy! https://www.youtube.com/shorts/IBXAXoUouFY?feature=share What Are Orthotic Customizations and Accomodations Additions and Accommodations are very common parts of custom orthotics. They are used if a normal over-the-counter insole just won’t cut it. For example, if a patient has a neuroma or a misaligned gait, an orthotic without custom support won’t have anywhere near the same effectiveness. Here is a list of the most common orthotic customizations and accommodations for custom orthotics. Heel Modifications Firstly we have heel modifications. These are some of the most common additions to keep your feet comfortable and supported: Cushion – Adds additional padding and shock absorption on the heel. Heel cushions cover the whole heel. Cushioning the heel is helpful for a variety of foot conditions, like plantar fasciitis and arthritis. It essentially reduces the strain and impact of your step. Lift – Heel lifts can balance out differences in leg height and to prevent overpronation or supination. They can also be used to help with Achillies tendonitis. They're made of a harder material for balance. Hole – Heel holes are used to help with heel spurs. Cushioning can be added to increase comfort and distribute pressure in the heel. Seat – A Heel seat gives the patient more control if they overpronate. It's designed to hold the fatty tissue under the calcaneus in place. Metatarsal Modifications These orthotic customizations are designed to take pressure off of your metatarsals (the ball of your foot). They are helpful for anyone experiencing foot pain at the ball of their foot just below the toes. 1st Ray Cutout - Helps to offload pressure off 1st metatarsal head (the big toe). This is used to help with bunions and arthritis. 2-4 Metatarsal Pad – This is a teardrop shaped pad that sits below the metatarsals. It takes some of the load off the metatarsals by offloading pressure at ball of foot and elevating the second, third, and fourth metatarsals. Metatarsal Bar – This is similar to 2-4 metatarsal pads, but has more surface area and offloads more pressure from the metatarsal heads. It can provide more stress relief in some cases. Neuroma Pad – This is a small pad that sits between metatarsals and spreads them apart. It is designed to correct the transverse arch and help with pain in the metatarsals. As the name suggests, it is can help people experiencing a Morton's neuroma. Arch Support Moving on, we have arch support, which is important for everyone - regardless of whether you have a foot condition - but moreso for people who struggle with plantar fasciitis and arch pain. Arch Pad – Additonal support on the arch for patients who need more arch support. Fill – Arch fills make the orthotic more rigid. This is used to help the orthotic to support more weight. It can also be used to help somewhat with controlling the midtarsal joints. Additional Accommodations Finally, we have modifications that don't really fit into the previous categories. These are all very common additions that are often put in orthotics: Morton’s Extension – Extra length under 1st metatarsal to keep it rigid. It helps during the push off phase of gait and can be rigid if patient has hallux rigidus or limitus. It immobilizes and offsets pressure on the first met joint. Reverse Morton’s – This increases the mobility of the first met joint. The pad sits under the 2nd to the 5th met head and ends before the first. Dancer Pad – Offloads the ball of the foot. It works by taking weight off of the big toe joint and dispersing it. Scaphoid Pad - This is used to help support the mid and back foot. Helps take pressure off the joints and bones in the arch. While these are the most common accommodations found on orthotics, there are many more! To learn more about how orthotics can be modified and customized to suit your unique foot needs, check out this Website. What Orthotic is Right For Me? A licensed chiropodist can determine what orthotic customizations and features are best for you. The chiropodist would first do a biomechanical assessment and gait analysis. They'll then diagnose your foot condition and make recommendations. Remember - orthotics are just one part of the equation when it comes to treating foot pain. While they can be beneficial for many common foot conditions, it's recommended to also explore other treatment options first, like supportive footwear, exercises and stretches. If your chiropodist recommends orthotics, they'll discuss the different options and customizations available, and which ones will work best for your foot condition. They'll also take into account your activities and the footwear you'd be wearing the orthotics with. The chiropodist will then take a 3D scan of your foot and send it off to the lab to make your orthotics. You would then see the chiropodist a few weeks later for a fitting appointment, at which time the chiropodist will check that the orthotics are constructed properly and working the way they should. If everything checks out, you can take them home! We also recommend coming back about 6 to 8 weeks after your fitting for a follow-up appointment to see if your orthotics are helping with your foot pain. If they aren't, the chiropodist can modify the orthotics. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/pO5oWb6S5MA?feature=share

September 26, 2024

The Role of Orthotics in Supporting Foot Health and Correcting Alignment

Orthotics are supportive, custom devices designed to improve the alignment and function of the feet, ankles, and lower limbs. They aim to address specific issues like flat feet, overpronation, or arch support. This can help alleviate discomfort and prevent injuries by redistributing pressure and correcting abnormal movement patterns. Adequately fitted orthotics can significantly enhance comfort and mobility, making daily activities more manageable and pain-free. Custom orthotics can make a big difference, but how exactly do orthotics correct foot alignment? And how do they work? Let's explain. What are orthotics? Orthotics are specialized, custom-designed insoles that you place inside your shoes. They come in many forms, and are molded and constructed specific to your unique foot needs. Their main job is to support and correct the alignment of your feet, which can help address various foot and lower limb issues. They essentially promote healthy biomechanics to ensure your body moves the way it's designed to. Orthotics are custom-made specifically for your feet by a chiropodist (foot specialist). The chiropodist will do a biomechanical and gait analysis, and then take a mold of your foot (typically with a 3D digital scanner). The chiropodist then custom-designs the orthotics according to your specific needs, and a lab then constructs the orthotics according to the chiropodist's instructions. It's important to note that while orthotics can be beneficial, they may not be suitable for everyone and can have some drawbacks, such as initial discomfort and the need for regular maintenance. Custom orthotics are more expensive than over-the-counter options, but they are an investment in your future — they may allow you to avoid more severe issues and chronic pain long-term, and can address foot concerns that over-the-counter insoles cannot. Not to mention, they are longer-lasting. How orthotics correct foot alignment? Orthotics are meant to modify how your foot moves and distributes pressure. They can help with several conditions, including: Flat feet: Orthotics can support fallen arches to maintain and prop up the natural contours of your foot. High arches: When you have high arches, excessive pressure is placed over a very small area of your foot. Orthotics help by cushioning and distributing pressure more evenly. If pressure is unevenly distributed across your feet, you're at a higher risk of overworking neighbouring parts of your foot. Overpronation: If your feet roll inward too much when you walk or run (called "overpronation), orthotics can help correct this movement. They do this by creating a barrier to your foot's inward movement, which corrects the overpronation. (Interesting fact: people with flat feet are prone to overpronation, so the treatment for the two conditions is often the same). Heel pain: Orthotics can reduce the strain on the plantar fascia and help alleviate heel pain. By correcting foot alignment, orthotics can provide significant relief from pain and prevent future issues. The feet are our body's foundation, so when your feet are moving properly, it helps the rest of our body move properly. That allows muscles and joints to work the way they were designed to without being over-stressed. This then helps reduce pain - not only in our feet, but the rest of our body too! Types of orthotics There are many different types of orthotics designed for different footwear and activities. Click here to learn more! Benefits beyond pain relief Orthotics don't just help with pain—they can also play a proactive role in enhancing overall foot and body health. Proper alignment can lead to better posture, reduced knee and hip stress, and improved gait. Athletes often use orthotics to boost performance by optimizing foot mechanics, which then reduces the strain on the rest of their joints. How to choose the right orthotics If you're considering orthotics, here's what to keep in mind: Consult a professional: A chiropodist can help determine if you need custom orthotics through a biomechanical assessment. They can then prescribe, design and fit your orthotics based on your activities and specific foot concerns. A chiropodist may also recommend footwear and over-the-insole options to test out first before going the custom route. Consider your activities: Choose orthotics that match your lifestyle. For instance, if you're a runner, look for ones designed to absorb shock and provide stability. If you work in a setting with a formal dress code, you may want to opt for slimmer dress orthotics that will fit into your dress shoes. Look at the full picture: Orthotics alone likely won't solve all your foot concerns. They're just part of the equation. You'll also want to ensure your wearing proper footwear and maintaining an active, healthy lifestyle. If you have chronic pain or a conditions like arthritis, regular exercise and stretching is very important to build strength in your feet and ankles. Orthotics are essentially meant to supplement a healthy lifestyle - not substitute it. How to get the most out of your orthotics Once you have your orthotics, wear them regularly to see the best results. They take some time to get used to, so gradually increase the time you wear them daily. Also, remember that orthotics are just one part of foot health—maintaining a proper exercise routine and suitable footwear are equally important. To ensure the longevity of your orthotics, clean them regularly and follow any specific care instructions provided by the manufacturer or your chiropodist.

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